Morphometric analysis of talus and calcaneus
- 132 Downloads
Abstract
Purpose
The variations in the subtalar joint regarding its morphology and articulation of bones are common worldwide. This study aimed to analyze the morphometric variations in articulating facets of talus and calcaneum in South Indian population.
Methods
For this study, the morphometric parameters of 92 dry tali and 49 dry calcanei of unknown gender were analyzed. The pattern of articulating facets was classified based on Boyan et al. as Type A (A1–A4), Type B (B1 and B2), and Type C.
Results
Type B was found to be the most common pattern in the study population (talus—97.8%; calcaneus—80.2%). The morphometric parameters were expressed as mean ± 2 SD. The anteroposterior length of the left talus was more than right talus, while the transverse width of right and left talus is almost equal. The length of right sulcus tali appears to be more than left sulcus tali, whereas the width and depth of right and left sulcus tali was almost equal. The transverse width of the right calcaneus was greater than left calcaneus. Width and depth of right and left sulcus calcanei were almost equal, but the length of right sulcus calcanei was more than the left sulcus calcanei (p value − 0.036).
Conclusion
Analysis of the pattern of articulating facets of talus and calcaneum and establishing the common types and their morphometric parameters will be helpful as an important tool for reconstruction surgeries of hind–foot deformities and foot rehabilitation procedures.
Keywords
Calcaneus Morphometry Subtalar joint TalusReferences
- 1.Aenumulapalli A, Kulkarni MM, Gandotra AR (2017) Prevalence of flexible flat foot in fdults: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res 11(6):AC17–AC20. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/26566.10059 Google Scholar
- 2.Anjaneyulu K, Philips C, Tamang BK et al (2014) Patterns of talar articulating facets in adult human calcanei from north-east India and their clinical correlation. Asian J Med Sci 5(4):89–93Google Scholar
- 3.Barbaix P, Roy V, Clarys JP (2000) Variations of anatomical elements contributing to subtalar joint stability: intrinsic risk factors for post-traumatic lateral instability of the ankle? Ergonomics 43(10):1718–1725. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300750004122 Google Scholar
- 4.Bhoir T, Anap DB, Diwate A (2014) Prevalence of flat foot among 18–25 years old physiotherapy students: cross sectional study. Indian J Basic Appl Med Res 3(4):272–278Google Scholar
- 5.Bilodi AK (2006) Study of calcaneal articular facets in human tali. Kathmandu Univ Med J 4(1):75–77Google Scholar
- 6.Bonnel F, Teissier P, Maestro M, Ferre B, Toullec E (2011) Biometry of the bone components in the talonavicular joint: a cadaver study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 97 (6):S66–S73 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2011.06.005 Google Scholar
- 7.Boyan N, Ozsahin E, Kizilkanat E, Soames R, Oguz O (2016) Morphometric measurement and types of artıcular facets on the talus and calcaneus in an Anatolian population. Int J Morphol 34(4):1378–1385Google Scholar
- 8.Bruckner J (1987) Variations in the human subtalar joint. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 8(10):489–494Google Scholar
- 9.Bunning PS, Barnett CH (1965) A Comparison of adult and foetal talocalcaneal articulations. J Anat 99(1):71–76Google Scholar
- 10.Campos FF, Pellico LG (1989) Talar articular facets (faciesarticularestalares) in human calcanei. Acta Anat 134:124–127Google Scholar
- 11.Canavese F, Dimeglio A, Bonnel F (2017) Postoperative CT-scan reconstruction of the calcaneus following lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for flatfoot deformity in children. Is the surgical procedure potentially associated with subtalar damage? Foot Ankle Surg https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fas.2017.05.005 Google Scholar
- 12.Drayer-Verhagen F (1993) Arthritis of the subtalar joint associated with sustentaculum tali facet configuration. J Anat 183:631–634Google Scholar
- 13.Garg R, Babuta S, Mogra K et al (2015) Modifications on dorsum of neck of talus (squatting facets and trochlear extensions) in Indians. Acta Med Int 2(1):100–104Google Scholar
- 14.Jung MH et al (2015) Types of subtalar joint facets. Surg Radiol Anat 37:629–638. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-015-1472-1 Google Scholar
- 15.Kaur M, Kalsey G, Laxmi V (2014) Morphological classification of tali on the basis of calcanean articular facets. PB J Orthop 12(1):57–60Google Scholar
- 16.Koshy S, Vettivel S, Selvaraj KG (2002) Estimation of length of calcaneum and talus from their bony markers. Forensic Sci Int 129(3):200–204Google Scholar
- 17.Lee JY, Jung MH, Lee JS, Choi BY et al (2012) Types of calcaneal articular facets of the talus in Korean Korean. J Phys Anthropol 25(4):185–192Google Scholar
- 18.Lee UY, Han SH, Park DK et al (2012) Sex determination from the talus of Koreans by discriminant function analysis. J Forensic Sci 57(1):166–171Google Scholar
- 19.Mini MP, Nazmeen S, Haritha KN (2012) Morphological study on patterns of talar articular facets of human calcanei. Int J Med Clin Res 3(3):136–139Google Scholar
- 20.Moraleda L, Salcedo M, Bastrom TP et al (2012) Comparison of the calcaneo-cuboid-cuneiform osteotomies and the calcaneal lengthening osteotomy in the surgical treatment of symptomatic flexible flatfoot. J Pediatr Orthop 32(8):821–829Google Scholar
- 21.Muthukumaravel N, Ravichandran D, Melani RS (2011) Human calcaneal facets for the talus: patterns and clinical implications. J Clin Diagn Res 5(4):791–794Google Scholar
- 22.Riccio I, Gimigliano F, Gimigliano R et al (2009) Rehabilitative treatment in flexible flatfoot: a perspective cohort study. Chir Organ Mov 93(3):101–107Google Scholar
- 23.Sharada R, Sneha K, Gupta C, Shakuntala RP, Rairam GB (2012) Non-metrical study of the pattern of talar articular facets in south Indian dry calcanei. Surg Radiol Anat 34:487–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-012-0939-6 Google Scholar
- 24.Uygur M, Atamaz F, Celik S, Pinar Y (2009) The types of talar articular facets and morphometric measurements of the human calcaneus bone on Turkish race. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 129(7):909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-008-0729-0 Google Scholar