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Differences in neural activity, but not behavior, across social contexts in guppies, Poecilia reticulata

  • Eva K. Fischer
  • Sarah E. Westrick
  • Lauren Hartsough
  • Kim L. Hoke
Original Article
First Online:
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:

Abstract

Animals are continually faced with the challenge of producing context-appropriate social behaviors. In many instances, appropriate behaviors differ by social situation. However, in some instances, the same behaviors are employed across different social contexts, albeit in response to distinct stimuli and with distinct purposes. We took advantage of behavioral similarities across mating and aggression contexts in guppies, Poecilia reticulata, to understand how patterns of neural activity differ across social contexts when behaviors are nonetheless shared. While there is growing interest in understanding behavioral mechanisms in guppies, resources are sparse. As part of this study, we developed a neuroanatomical atlas of the guppy brain as a research community resource. Using this atlas, we found that neural activity in the preoptic area reflected social context, whereas individual differences in behavioral motivation paralleled activity in the posterior tuberculum and ventral telencephalon (teleost homologs of the mammalian ventral tegmental area and lateral septum, respectively). Our findings suggest independent coding of social salience versus behavioral motivation when behavioral repertoires are shared across social contexts.

Significance statement

Choosing behaviors appropriate to the current social situation is of central importance to animals. Interactions with different social partners (e.g., mates, competitors, or offspring) generally require distinct behavioral repertories. However, in some cases, similar behaviors are used across social contexts. The neural mechanisms underlying social behavior are particularly intriguing in these situations, where the same behaviors are produced in response to distinct social stimuli and for distinct purposes. We took advantage of behavioral similarities across mating and aggression interactions in Trinidadian guppies to explore how social information is reflected in the brain when fish perform a common set of behaviors across contexts. We found that activity in distinct brain regions reflects social context versus behavioral motivation, suggesting a means by which social inputs and behavioral outputs can be coded independently of one another.

Keywords

Social behavior Neural activation Preoptic area Teleost Poecilia reticulata Guppy 
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Notes

Acknowledgments

We thank the members of the Guppy Lab for help with fish care, Lauren A. O’Connell for consultation on the guppy brain atlas, and two anonymous reviewers for comments on previous versions of the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation (NSF IOS-1354755 to KLH).

Funding

This study was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF IOS-1354755 to KLH).

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of Colorado State University Animal Care and Use Committee (Approval #12-3818A), who approved all animal husbandry, experimental methods, and tissue collection procedures.

Supplementary material

265_2018_2548_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (21.8 mb)
ESM S1 Neuroanatomical atlas of the guppy brain (PDF 22278 kb)
265_2018_2548_MOESM2_ESM.xlsx (68 kb)
ESM S2 Raw data for behavior and pS6 cell counts (XLSX 67 kb)

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© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA
  2. 2.University of MichiganAnn ArborUSA
  3. 3.Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleUSA
  4. 4.Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsUSA

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