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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

, Volume 103, Issue 23–24, pp 9345–9358 | Cite as

Biological contamination and its chemical control in microalgal mass cultures

  • Denisse Molina
  • Júlio Cesar de CarvalhoEmail author
  • Antônio Irineudo Magalhães Júnior
  • Craig Faulds
  • Emmanuel Bertrand
  • Carlos Ricardo Soccol
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Abstract

Microalgae are versatile sources of bioproducts, a solution for many environmental problems. However, and despite its importance, one of the main problems in large-scale cultures—the presence of contaminants—is rarely systematically approached. Contamination, or the presence of undesirable organisms in a culture, is deleterious for the culture and frequently leads to culture crashes. To avoid contamination, closed systems can be used; however, for very large-scale open systems, contamination is unavoidable and remediation procedures are necessary—ranging from physicochemical treatment to addition of biocidal substances. In all cases, early detection and culture monitoring are paramount. This article describes the biological contaminants, contamination mechanisms, and control systems used in open and closed cultures, discussing the latest advances and techniques in the area. It also discusses the complex interactions of algae with other microorganisms that can be expected in cultivation systems.

Keywords

Microalgae Contamination Mass cultures Algal parasites Control 
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Notes

Funding information

This research was funded by CNPq, the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, grant number 407543/2013-0, and CAPES, the Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel - PROEX program.

Compliance with ethical standards

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Bioprocess Engineering and BiotechnologyFederal University of ParanáCuritibaBrazil
  2. 2.Polytech Marseille, UMR 1163 Biotechnologie des Champignons FilamenteuxAix-Marseille UniversitéMarseille Cedex 09France

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