Wood Science and Technology

, Volume 52, Issue 3, pp 637–651 | Cite as

Charge-trapping capability and AC conductivity at different humidities of poly(ethyleneimine)–TiO2–anthocyanin-modified cellulose fibres

Original
First Online:
Received:
  • 28 Downloads

Abstract

Modified cellulose materials are finding increasing application in electronics, because of the need for more environmental-friendly electronic circuits. The papers prepared from poly(ethyleneimine)–TiO2–anthocyanin-modified cellulose fibres are completely environmentally friendly and can be applied to the construction of photocells or photo-/humidity sensors. To better understand the mechanisms of electrical conductivity of the said cellulose composites, the effect of humidity (RH = 9% → 100%) on its dielectric properties is presented in this article. The possibility of trapping the negative and positive charges in the composite under different humidity conditions is also examined. A large number of studies suggest that proton conductivity, stimulated by humidity, is the dominant mechanism of electrical conductivity in cellulose-based materials. The results presented in this paper indicate that the electronic conductivity mechanisms also play a significant role in papers prepared from poly(ethyleneimine)–TiO2–anthocyanin-modified cellulose fibres.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access

Notes

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Education and Science, Republic of Serbia (Project Nos. 171029), and by the environment conscious energy efficient building TAMOP-4.2.2.A–11/1/KONV-2012-0068 project sponsored by the EU and European Social Foundation, and in part by the National Research Foundation, South Africa (Grant No. 88301).

References

  1. Albrecht V, Janke A, Németh E, Spange S, Schubert G, Simon F (2009) Some aspects of the polymers’ electrostatic charging effects. J Electrost 67:7–11CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. Atkins P, de Paula J (2010) Physical chemistry, 9th edn. University Press, Oxford, p 1019Google Scholar
  3. Barr MC, Rowehl JA, Lunt RR, Xu J, Wang A, Boyce CM, Im SG, Bulović V, Gleason KK (2011) Direct monolithic integration of organic photovoltaic circuits on unmodified paper. Adv Mater 23:3500–3505CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. Chiappone A, Bella F, Nair JR, Meligrana G, Bongiovanni R, Gerbaldi C (2014) Structure–performance correlation of nanocellulose-based polymer electrolytes for efficient quasi-solid DSSCs. ChemElectroChem 1:1350–1358CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  5. Christie JH, Woodhead IM (2002) A new model of DC conductivity of hygroscopic solids: part I—cellulosic materials. Text Res J 72:273–278CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  6. Christie JH, Sylvander SR, Woodhead IM, Irie K (2004) The dielectric properties of humid cellulose. J Non Cryst Solids 341:115–123CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. Christie JH, Krenek SH, Woodhead IM (2009) The electrical properties of hygroscopic solids. Biosyst Eng 102:143–152CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  8. Csóka L, Dudić D, Petronijević I, Rozsa C, Halasz K, Djoković V (2015) Photo-induced changes and contact relaxation of the surface AC conductivity of the paper prepared from poly(ethyleneimine)–TiO2–anthocyanin modified cellulose fibers. Cellulose 22:779–788CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. Dimitrakopoulos CD, Malenfant PRL (2002) Organic thin film transistors for large area electronics. Adv Mater 14:99–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. Efros AI, Shklovskii BI (1976) Critical behaviour of conductivity and dielectric constant near the Metal-non-metal transition threshold. Phys Stat Solidi B 76:475–481CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. Gimenez AJ, Yáñez-Limón JM, Seminario JM (2012) Paper-based photoelectrical devices. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 24(18):2255–2261CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  12. Jonscher AK (1995) An electrochemical model of low-frequency dispersion. J Mater Sci 30:2491CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. Jung YH et al (2015) High-performance green flexible electronics based on biodegradable cellulose nanofibril paper. Nat Commun 6:7170.  https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8170 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  14. Kim J, Yun S, Ounaies Z (2006) Discovery of cellulose as a smart material. Macromolecules 39:4202–4206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  15. Kott H (1938) Patent: radiation filter and method for utilizing the same. US Patent Office: N° 2 109 235, June 1935/Feb. 1938Google Scholar
  16. Li J, Qian X, Chen J, Ding C, An X (2010) Conductivity decay of cellulose–polypyrrole conductive paper composite prepared by in situ polymerization method. Carbohydr Polym 82:504–509CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  17. Li P, Zhang Y, Fa W, Zhang Y, Huang B (2011) Synthesis of a grafted cellulose gel electrolyte in an ionic liquid ([Bmim]I) for dye-sensitized solar cells. Carbohydr Polym 86:1216–1220CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  18. Nyholm L, Nyström G, Mihranyan A, Strømme M (2011) Toward flexible polymer and paper-based energy storage devices. Adv Mater 23:3751–3769PubMedGoogle Scholar
  19. O’Regan B, Grätzel M (1991) A low-cost, high-efficiency solar-cell based on dye sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature 353:737–740CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  20. Qiu X, Hu S (2013) Smart materials based on cellulose: a review of the preparations, properties, and applications. Materials 6:738–781CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  21. Rowicka E, Kashyn D, Reagan MA, Hirano T, Paramonov PB, Dolog I, Mallik RR, Lyuksyutov SF (2008) Influence of water condensation on charge transport and electric breakdown between an atomic force microscope tip, polymeric, and (semiconductor) CdS surfaces. Curr Nanosci 4:166–172CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. Saeed MT, Khalid FA, Karimov KHS, Shah M (2010) Organic Cu/cellulose/PEPC/Cu humidity sensor. Optoelectron Adv Mater Rapid Commun 4:888–892Google Scholar
  23. Sahin HT, Arslan MB (2008) A study on physical and chemical properties of cellulose paper immersed in various solvent mixtures. Int J Mol Sci 9:78–88CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentralGoogle Scholar
  24. Shah J, Malcolm Brown JR (2005) Towards electronic paper displays made from microbial cellulose. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 66:352–355.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1756-6 CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  25. Shukla SK (2013) Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole grafted cellulose for humidity sensing. Int J Biol Macromol 62:531–536CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  26. Sun B, Hong W, Yan Z, Aziz H, Li Y (2014) Record high electron mobility of 6.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 achieved for polymer semiconductors using a new building block. Adv Mater 26:2636–2642CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  27. Thiemann S, Sachnov SJ, Pettersson F, Bollström R, Österbacka R, Wasserscheid P, Zaumseil J (2014) Cellulose-based ionogels for paper electronics. Adv Funct Mater 24:625–634CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  28. Torgovnikov GI (1993) Dielectric properties of wood-based materials. In: Timell TE (ed) Dielectric properties of wood and wood-based materials, Springer series in wood science. Springer, Berlin, pp 135–159CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  29. van de Ven T, Godbout L (2013) Cellulose—medical, pharmaceutical and electronic applications. InTech.  https://doi.org/10.5772/3470 Google Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

Authors and Affiliations

  • A. S. Luyt
    • 1
  • B. Škipina
    • 2
  • L. Csóka
    • 3
  • D. Dudić
    • 4
    • 5
  1. 1.Center for Advanced MaterialsQatar UniversityDohaQatar
  2. 2.Faculty of TechnologyUniversity of Banja LukaBanja LukaBosnia and Herzegovina
  3. 3.Institute of Wood Based Products TechnologiesUniversity of West HungarySopronHungary
  4. 4.Vinča Institute of Nuclear SciencesUniversity of BelgradeBelgradeSerbia
  5. 5.Department of ChemistryUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa

Personalised recommendations