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Characterization of nutraceutical components in tomato pulp, skin and locular gel

  • Gabriella TamasiEmail author
  • Alessio Pardini
  • Claudia BonechiEmail author
  • Alessandro Donati
  • Federica Pessina
  • Paola Marcolongo
  • Alessandra Gamberucci
  • Gemma Leone
  • Marco Consumi
  • Agnese Magnani
  • Claudio Rossi
OriginalPaper
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Abstract

Nutraceutical properties of tomato fruits (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated, focusing on selected secondary metabolites: glycoalkaloids and polyphenols (hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonoids). Three tomato varieties were studied: Red Round-Smooth, Cherry, and Camone (as whole fruits), and subsequently, portions of Camone fruits (skin, pulp and locular gel) were characterized. Particular attention was devoted to the locular gel portion, a by-product material from the tomato processing industry. Quantification of α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine was carried out by reverse phase liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI-MS/MS). The contents of α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine in the Camone locular gel were 38.73 ± 3.32 and 4.90 ± 0.01 mg/kg dw, respectively, resulting about ten times higher than in the skin; just traces were revealed in the pulp. Samples were also assayed for antioxidant activity (TEAC, Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity) via ABTS and DPPH radical quenching, and selected targeted polyphenols were also quantified via HPLC–ESI-MS/MS. Chlorogenic and caffeic acids were the main hydroxycinnamic acids in all the varieties, while rutin was the most abundant flavonoid.

Keywords

Solanum lycopersicum L. Locular gel Antioxidants Chlorogenic acid Tomatine HPLC–ESI-MS/MS 
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Notes

Acknowledgements

Società Agricola Cooperativa Consorzio Casalasco del Pomodoro (Rivarolo del Re, Cremona, Italy), is acknowledged for the cooperation in the project titled “New industrial biotechnology process for the recovery and use of bioactive tomatine from tomato by-products”, project founded by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development (MISE), 2016–2018. Toscana Life Sciences Foundation (TLS) is acknowledged for the access to the HPLC–MS instrumentation.

Compliance with ethical standards

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Compliance with ethics requirements

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects.

Supplementary material

217_2019_3235_MOESM1_ESM.docx (112 kb)
Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 112 KB)

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Copyright information

© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019

Authors and Affiliations

  1. 1.Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and PharmacyUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
  2. 2.Centre for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)University of FlorenceSesto FiorentinoItaly
  3. 3.Department of Molecular and Developmental MedicineUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
  4. 4.National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM)FirenzeItaly
  5. 5.Operative UnitUniversity of SienaCalabriaItaly

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