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Determinants of stem cell lineage differentiation toward chondrogenesis versus adipogenesis

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Abstract

Adult stem cells, also termed as somatic stem cells, are undifferentiated cells, detected among differentiated cells in a tissue or an organ. Adult stem cells can differentiate toward lineage specific cell types of the tissue or organ in which they reside. They also have the ability to differentiate into mature cells of mesenchymal tissues, such as cartilage, fat and bone. Despite the fact that the balance has been comprehensively scrutinized between adipogenesis and osteogenesis and between chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, few reviews discuss the relationship between chondrogenesis and adipogenesis. In this review, the developmental and transcriptional crosstalk of chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages are briefly explored, followed by elucidation of signaling pathways and external factors guiding lineage determination between chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation. An in-depth understanding of overlap and discrepancy between these two mesenchymal tissues in lineage differentiation would benefit regeneration of high-quality cartilage tissues and adipose tissues for clinical applications.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Suzanne Danley for editing the manuscript. This work was supported by Research Grants from the Musculoskeletal Transplant Foundation (MTF) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01AR067747-01A1) to M.P., and Natural Science Foundation of China (81601889) to S.C.

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  1. Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9196, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9196, USA

    Sheng Zhou & Ming Pei

  2. Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China

    Sheng Zhou & Qing Jiang

  3. Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China

    Song Chen

  4. Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, WVU Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA

    Ming Pei

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Zhou, S., Chen, S., Jiang, Q. et al. Determinants of stem cell lineage differentiation toward chondrogenesis versus adipogenesis. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 76, 1653–1680 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-019-03017-4

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