Advertisement

Carbonates and Evaporites

, Volume 3, Issue 2, pp 125–141 | Cite as

Thermodynamic and kinetic description of dolomitization of calcite and calcitization of dolomite (dedolomitization)

  • James A. Dockal
Article
First Online:

Abstract

Replacement dolomitization of calcite is a chemical process where dolomite comes to occupy the spatial position and volume of calcite through simultaneous dissolution of calcite and precipitation of dolomite without effecting a volume change in the crystalline portion of the rock. Dissolution and precipitation occur adjacent to one another in conjunction with a narrow aqueous boundary film width which separates the dolomite growth surface from the calcite dissolution surface. The primary condition of replacement is that the volumetric rate of calcite dissolution at the actual replacement site exactly equals the volumetric rate of dolomite precipitation even though the precipitation-dissolution rates in the adjacent pores may differ widely. The volumetric equality of these rates is established by the growing dolomite crystal exerting a linear force of crystallization on the microenvironment of the replacement site. This force increases the pressure within the aqueous boundary film which in turn retards dolomite precipitation and enhances calcite dissolution. The pressure established by this force is that pressure where the thermodynamic potential for dolomite precipitation exactly equals the thermodynamic potential of calcite dissolution times the ratio of the molar volume of dolomite to that of calcite. The kinetic rate of replacement in terms of volume per unit time is proportional to a function of the dolomite thermodynamic potential and inversely proportional to functions of the pressure developed within the boundary film and the size of the growing dolomite crystal. Replacement calcitization of dolomite is an analogous process differing only in direction of the component reactions.

Keywords

Calcite Dolomite Dolomitization Pore System Pore Solution 
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. ANDREE, K., 1912, Die geologische Bedeutung des Wachstumsdrucks kristallisierender Substanzen: Geol. Rdsch. v. 8, p. 7–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  2. BADIOZAMANI, K., 1973, The Dorag dolomitization model — application to the Middle Ordovician of Wisconsin: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 43, p. 965–984.Google Scholar
  3. BARBER, D.J., HEARD, H.C., and WENK, H.R., 1981, Deformation of dolomite single crystals from 20–800°C: Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, v. 7, p. 271–286.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  4. BATES, R.L. and JACKSON, J.A., 1980, Glossary of Geology. 2nd edition, American Geological Institute, Falls Church, 751 p.Google Scholar
  5. BECKER, G.F. and DAY, A.L., 1905, The linear force of growing crystals: Proceedings Washington Academy of Sciences, v. 7, p. 283–288.Google Scholar
  6. BECKER, G.F. and DAY, A.L., 1916, Note on the linear force of growing crystals: Journal of Geology. v. 24, p. 313–333.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  7. BERNER, R.A., 1971, Principles of Chemical Sedimentology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 240 p.Google Scholar
  8. BERNER, R.A., 1975, Diagenetic models of dissolved species in the interstitial waters of compacting sediments: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 275, p. 88–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  9. BERNER, R.A. and MORSE, J.W., 1974, Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate in sea water: IV, Theory of calcite dissolution: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 274, p. 108–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  10. BOYDELL, H.C., 1926, Metasomatism and linear force of growing crystals: Econ. Geology, v. 21, p. 1–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  11. BRAND, U. and VEIZER, J., 1980, Chemical diagenesis of a multicomponent carbonate system-1: Trace elements: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 50, p. 1219–1236.Google Scholar
  12. BUCZYNSKI, CHRIS and CHAFETZ, H.S., 1987, Siliciclastic grain breakage and displacement due to carbonate crystal growth: an example from the Lueders Formation (Permian) of north-central Texas, U.S.A.: Sedimentology, v. 34, p. 837–843.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  13. CONIGLIO, M., JAMES, N.P. and AISSAOUI, D.M., 1988, Dolomitization of Miocene carbonates, Gulf of Suez, Egypt: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 58, p. 100–119.Google Scholar
  14. DOCKAL, J.A., 1980, Petrology and sedimentary facies of Redwall Limestone (Mississippian) of Unita Mountains, Utah, and Colorado. (Ph.D. dissertation). The University of Iowa, 423 p.Google Scholar
  15. DOCKAL, J.A., 1983, Dolomitization, A hypothesis of the process: (abstract). Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, n. 6, p. 539.Google Scholar
  16. DREVER, J.I., 1988, The Geochemistry of Natural Waters. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. 437 p.Google Scholar
  17. EMMONS, W.H., 1918, The Principles of Economic Geology. 606 p.Google Scholar
  18. FULFORD, R.S., 1968, Effects of brine concentration and pressure drop on gypsum scaling in oil wells: Journal Pet. Technology, June 1968, p. 559–564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  19. GARRELS, R.M. and CHRIST, C.L., 1965, Solutions, Minerals, and Equilibria. Harper, New York. 450 p.Google Scholar
  20. GARRELS, R.M. and DREYER, R.M., 1952, Mechanism of limestone replacement at low temperatures and pressures: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 63, p. 325–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  21. HANSHAW, B.B., BACH, W., and DEIKE, R.G., 1971 A geochemical hypothesis for dolomitization by groundwater: Economic Geology, v. 66, p. 710–724.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  22. HAYDEN, H.W., MOFFATT, W.G., and WULFF, JOHN 1965, The Structure and Properties of Materials: Volume III, Mechanical Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 247 p.Google Scholar
  23. HIGGS, D.V. and HANDIN, J., 1959, Experimental deformation of dolomite single crystals: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 70, p. 245–278CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  24. KERRICH, R., 1978, A historical review and synthesis of research on pressure solution, Zbl. Geol. Palapont., Teil I, p. 512–550.Google Scholar
  25. KINSMAN, D.J.J., 1969, Interpretation of Sr2+ concentrations in carbonate minerals and rocks. Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 39, p. 486–508.Google Scholar
  26. LINDGREN, WALDEMAR, 1919, Mineral Deposits. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
  27. MARSHALL, J.D., 1981, Sedimentology Photo, Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 51, p. 1380.Google Scholar
  28. MATTES, B.W. and MOUNTJOY, E.W., 1980, Burial dolomitization of the Upper Devonian Miette Buildup, Jasper National Park, Albertain ZENGER, D.H., DUNHAM, J.B. and ETHINGTON, R.L., eds., Concepts and Models of Dolomitization, Soc. Econ. Paleontologists Mineralogists Spec. Pub. No. 28, p. 259–297Google Scholar
  29. MORSE, J.W., 1983, The kinetics of calcium carbonate dissolution and precipitation,in REEDER, R.J., ed., Carbonates: Mineralogy and Chemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy, Volume 11 Chapter 7, p. 227–264.Google Scholar
  30. OWEN, B.B. and BRINKLEY, S.R., 1941. Calculation of the effect of pressure upon ionic equilibria in pure water and in salt solution: Chemical reviews, v. 29, p. 461–471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  31. PINGITORE, N.E., Jr., 1976, Vadose and phreatic diagenesis: Processes, products and their recognition in corals, Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 46, p. 985–1006.Google Scholar
  32. RAMBERG, HANS., 1947, The linear force of crystallization: Geol. Foren. Forhandl., v. 69, p. 189–194.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  33. RANDAZZO, A.F., and ZACHOS, L.G., 1988, Classification and description of dolomitic fabrics of rocks from the Floridan aquifer, U.S.A.: Sedimentary Geology, v. 37, p. 151–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  34. RUNNELLS, D.D., 1969, Diagenesis, chemical sediments, and the mixing of natural waters: Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 39, p. 1188–1201.Google Scholar
  35. SAIGAL, G.C. and WALTON, E.K., 1988, On the occurrence of displacive calcite in lower Old Red Sandstone of Carnoustie, Eastern Scotland, Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 58, p. 131–135.Google Scholar
  36. SIBLEY, D.F., 1982, The origin of common dolomite fabrics: clues from the Pliocene, Jour. Sed. Petrology, v. 52, p. 1087–1100.Google Scholar
  37. SWETT, KEENE, 1981, Cambro-Ordovician strata in NY Friesland, Spitsbergen and their palaeotectonic significance: Geological Mag., v. 118, p. 225–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  38. TABER, STEPHEN., 1916, The growth of crystals under external pressures: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 41, p. 532–556.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  39. TUCKER, M.E., 1982a, Precambrian Dolomites: Petrographic and isotopic evidence that they differ from Phanerozoic dolomites: Geology, v. 10, p. 7–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  40. TUCKER, M.E., 1982b, Reply on Precambrian Dolomites: Petrographic and isotopic evidence that they differ from Phanerozoic dolomites: Geology, v. 10, p. 663–664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  41. TURNER, F.J., GRIGGS, D.T., and HEARD, H., 1954, Experimental deformation of calcite crystals: Geol. Soc. America. Bulletin, v. 73, p. 237–241.Google Scholar
  42. WENK, H.R., 1984, Carbonates,in Wenk, H.R., ed., Preferred Orientation in Deformed Metals and Rocks: An Introduction to Modern Textural Analysis. Chapter 17, p. 361–384.Google Scholar
  43. WENK, H.R., BARBER, D.J., and REEDER, R.J., 1983, Microstructures in carbonatesin Reeder, R.J., ed., Carbonates: Mineralogy and Chemistry, Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 11, Chapter 9, p. 301–367.Google Scholar
  44. WEYL, P.K., 1959, Pressure solution and the force of crystallization — a phenomenological theory: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 64, p. 2001–2025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
  45. ZENGER, D.H., 1982, Comment on ’Precambrian dolomites: Petrographic and isotopic evidence that they differ from Phanerozoic dolomites. Geology, v. 10, p. 662.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Copyright information

© Springer 1988

Authors and Affiliations

  • James A. Dockal
    • 1
  1. 1.Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at WilmingtonWilmington

Personalised recommendations

Cite article

Buy options