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Patterns of death among patients treated at a Department of Medical Oncology in Spain

Patrón de fallecimientos entre los pacientes atendidos en un Servicio de Oncología Médica en España

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Abstract

Introduction. Despite significant advances in the palliative care of cancer patients with terminal disease, a considerable proportion of them still die at hospital. The causes of this fact are multiple including sociocultural, familial, and sanitary reasons.

Material and methods. A retrospective study was performed on the place and cause of death among patients treated at a Department of Medical Oncology in two time periods (10/1996–10/1997 and 2001) in order to assess the actual situation and its evolution through the last years. Our department assumes both the active treatment and the palliative care of patients assigned to its area. In 2001, 1,254 new cases were referred and 1,006 hospital admissions were recorded, with a median stay of 11 days. In the same period, 424 patients died.

Results. Of them, 250 (59%) deaths occurred at hospital (25% of the department discharges). The most common neoplasms were lung (24%), colorectal (14%), and breast (9%). The median hospital stay was 8 days (range, 1–60). The causes of death were cancer progression (79%), intercurrent diseases (11%), and complications during active treatment (10%). In comparison with the former group, among patients dying at home there was a greater relative percentage of women, diagnoses of breast cancer, lymphoma and multiple neoplasms, elderly patients, and deaths due to tumor progression.

Conclusions. Nearly 60% of cancer patients who die in our environment do it at hospital. Of them, 20% do not die specifically of tumor progression. The pattern of deaths at home is somewhat different. Sanitary resources should be adapted to the particular care features of each department, favoring the development and coordination of palliative care units, both hospital-based and home care teams.

Resumen

Introducción. A pesar de los avances producidos en los cuidados paliativos de los pacientes oncológicos en fase terminal, un porcentaje significativo de éstos todavía fallece en el hospital. Las causas de ello son múltiples: socioculturales, familiares y sanitarias.

Material y métodos. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de los lugares y causas de muerte entre los enfermos atendidos en un servicio de Oncología Médica en dos períodos temporales (10/1996–10/1997 y 2001) con el objetivo de conocer la situación actual y su evolución en los últimos años. Nuestro servicio asume tanto el tratamiento activo como los cuidados paliativos de los pacientes de su área. En el año 2001 se atendieron 1.254 casos nuevos y se generaron 1.006 ingresos hospitalarios, con una estancia media de 11 días. En este período se produjeron 424 fallecimientos.

Resultados. De ellos, 250 (59%) ocurrieron en el hospital (25% de las altas). Las neoplasias más comunes fueron pulmón (24%), colorrectal (14%) y mama (9%). La estancia media fue de 8 días (rango, 1–60). Las causas de muerte fueron progresión tumoral (79%), enfermedades intercurrentes (11%) y complicaciones durante el tratamiento activo (10%). En comparación con los anteriores, entre los pacientes que fallecieron en su domicilio había un mayor porcentaje relativo de mujeres, diagnósticos de cáncer de mama, linfoma y neoplasias múltiples, pacientes ancianos y muertes por progresión.

Conclusiones. Cerca del 60% de pacientes oncológicos que fallece en nuestro medio lo hace en el hospital. De ellos, un 20% no muere específicamente por progresión neoplásica. El patrón de fallecimientos en el domicilio es algo diferente. Los recursos sanitarios deberían adaptarse a las peculiaridades asistenciales de cada servicio, potenciándose el desarrollo y coordinación de las unidades de cuidados paliativos tanto hospitalarias como domiciliarias.

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Correspondence to Jorge Aparicio Urtasun.

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Urtasun, J.A., Beveridge, R.D., Tendero, P.L. et al. Patterns of death among patients treated at a Department of Medical Oncology in Spain. Rev Oncol 6, 483–487 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02713085

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