Conclusions
The interaction rate of zirconium dioxide ceramic at ∼2300 K depends on the composition of the gas environment (partial pressure of oxygen), the ratio of the oxide and metal phases of the melt (especially iron oxides and zirconium), and the porosity. The temperature distribution affects the region where the zirconium dioxide interacts with the oxides. The region of the ceramic penetrated by the oxides of nickel, titanium, and chromium is larger under isothermal conditions than for a temperature gradient of 100 deg/mm.
These research results can be used to estimate the mass of the ceramic trap for a major accident in air. In this case erosion of the ceramic is determined by the iron oxide. The experimental data also show that the mass of a ceramic trap should be at least five times larger than the mass of iron oxide. This relationship is independent of time, but it can be changed due to the superposition of effects from the interaction of all the melt materials with the ceramic.
Ceramic samples 20 mm diameter and 10 mm thick did not break down in a temperature gradient of 100 deg/mm at a heating rate of 200 deg/min with natural cooling.
Because the erosion of the two types of zirconium dioxide ceramic by metal oxide melts was the same, it may be possible to use cheaper ceramics with calcium oxide stabilizers.
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References
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Materials Research Center, Technology Novosiberian Department, United Institute of High Temperatures of the Academy of Sciences (NITs TIV NO IVTAN). Translated from Atomnaya Énergiya, Vol. 81, No. 6, pp. 468–471, December, 1996.