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Akute und chronische Perikarditis

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SpringerReference Innere Medizin

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Zusammenfassung

Perikarderkrankungen umfassen seltene kongenitale Defekte und Zysten, häufiger sterile und infektiöse Entzündungen von Epi- und Perikard (Perikarditis) mit und ohne Ergussbildung sowie neoplastische Perikarderkrankungen. Als Residuen oder Komplikation einen Perikarditis finden sich Perikardverdickung und Pericarditis constrictiva. Bezüglich der Ätiologie und Pathogenese ist zwischen einer infektiösen und sterilen Perikarditis zu unterscheiden. Im Vordergrund stehen bei einer trockenen Perikarditis meist unklare Thoraxschmerzen. Mit zunehmendem Erguss dominieren Halsvenenstauung mit doppeltem Venenkollaps, Hepatomegalie mit Aszitesbildung und laborchemischen Zeichen der Leberstauung zur Cirrhose cardiaque. Zur Basisdiagnose gehören Inspektion und Auskultation sowie Elektrokardiographie. Darüber hinaus finden Laboruntersuchungen (z. B. CRP) und multimodale Bildgebung (z. B. Röntgen-Thorax, CT, MRT, Farbdopplerechokardiographie, Herzkatheteruntersuchung) Anwendung. Das Echokardiogramm ist die sensitivste Methode zur Diagnose eines Perikardergusses. Die Dopplerechokardiographie kann wertvolle Hinweise insbesondere bei konstriktiver Perikarditis liefern. Therapeutische Optionen sind u. a. Perikardiozentese und intraperikardiale und/oder systemische Arzneimittelgabe.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Medizin der Philipps-Universität Marburg und Herz- und Gefäßzentrum Marburg, Feldbergstr. 45, 35043, Marburg, Deutschland

    Bernhard Maisch

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  1. Bernhard Maisch
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Correspondence to Bernhard Maisch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Hoslstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany

    Hendrik Lehnert

  2. TU Dresden Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

    Sebastian M. Schellong

  3. FB Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany

    Joachim Mössner

  4. Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Regensburg, Germany

    Cornel C. Sieber

  5. Nürnberg, Bayern, Germany

    Walter Swoboda

  6. Universitätsklinikum Giessen und Marburg Klinik für Innere Medizin, Marburg, Hessen, Germany

    Andreas Neubauer

  7. Interdisziplinärer Schwerpunkt für Hämos, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg, Gießen, Germany

    Bettina Kemkes-Matthes

  8. Klinik für Gastroenterologie,Hepatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany

    Michael P. Manns

  9. Sektion für Molekulare und Klinische Inf, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein,, Lübeck, Germany

    Jan Rupp

  10. Abt. Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Universitätsklinikum Göttingen Herzzentrum Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

    Gerd Hasenfuß

  11. Abt. Nephrologie und Klinische Immunologie, Univ.Klinikum Aachen Medizinische Klinik II, Aachen, Germany

    J. Floege

  12. Universitätsklinikum Köln Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Köln, Germany

    Michael Hallek

  13. Klinik für Pneumologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH) Zentrum Innere Medizin, Hannover, Germany

    Tobias Welte

  14. Klinik u. Poliklinik für Innere Medizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    Markus Lerch

  15. Dr.-Horst-Schmidt-Kliniken GmbH, Wiesbaden, Germany

    Elisabeth Märker-Hermann

  16. Klinische Toxikologie, Giftinformation, Universitätsklinikum Mainz II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Mainz, Germany

    Ludwig Sacha Weilemann

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Maisch, B. (2014). Akute und chronische Perikarditis. In: Lehnert, H., et al. SpringerReference Innere Medizin. Springer Reference Medizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_189-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54676-1_189-1

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