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Handbook of the Protists pp 1–50Cite as

Kinetoplastea

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Abstract

The class Kinetoplastea Cavalier-Smith 1981 (previously known as the order Kinetoplastida Honigberg 1963) constitutes an important group of free-living and parasitic flagellates. The group is named after the kinetoplast, a unique cell organelle consisting of the tightly packaged mitochondrial DNA, which forms a stainable structure within the single mitochondrion. The Kinetoplastea includes several important human pathogens that are carried by bloodsucking insect vectors, e.g., Trypanosoma brucei, T. cruzi, Leishmania donovani, L. major, and L. tropica, as well as vector-borne animal pathogens such as the African tsetse-transmitted trypanosomes that cause nagana. Some kinetoplastids are plant parasites, e.g., Phytomonas, transmitted by phytophagous bugs. While these pathogenic kinetoplastids are of major medical, veterinary, and economic importance, many other kinetoplastid species also have a parasitic lifestyle, either in a single host species or alternating between two different hosts. The ubiquitous free-living kinetoplastids such as Bodo are of major ecological importance as heterotrophs in marine and freshwater environments. Some kinetoplastid species are popular and significant laboratory model species for biochemical and molecular biology investigations. In particular, Trypanosoma brucei is notorious for its ability to undergo antigenic variation, and Leishmania infection is a paradigm for T-helper cell type I and type II immune responses.

Revised from the original chapter of Keith Vickerman

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, UK

    Wendy Gibson

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    John M. Archibald

  2. Department of Biology Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Alastair G.B. Simpson

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Mole, Dalhousie University Department of Biochemistry and Mole, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Claudio H. Slamovits

  4. Ashland, Oregon, USA

    Lynn Margulis

  5. Biozentrum Köln, Universität zu Köln Biozentrum Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Michael Melkonian

  6. Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, University of California Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, Santa Barbara, California, USA

    David J. Chapman

  7. Libertyville, Illinois, USA

    John O. Corliss

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Gibson, W. (2016). Kinetoplastea. In: Archibald, J., et al. Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_7-1

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