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Eustigmatophyceae

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Handbook of the Protists

Abstract

Eustigmatophyceae (eustigmatophytes) are a distinct lineage of ochrophyte (stramenopile) algae with a relatively small number (~30) of described species, but with evidence for a substantial taxonomic diversity yet to be explored. Eustigmatophytes are all unicellular coccoid algae, usually spherical or ovoid, but sometimes with a more distinctive shape (e.g., stipitate, tetrahedral, or with branched projections). Most eustigmatophytes live in freshwater, but some are common in terrestrial habitats and one subgroup is mostly marine. Reproduction occurs primarily via autosporogenesis, but many members of this class form zoospores with an anterior mastigoneme-bearing flagellum and a (sometimes missing) posterior bare flagellum. Sexual reproduction has not been directly observed, but genomic evidence suggests its presence in some species. Eustigmatophytes are distinguished from other ochrophytes by a suite of cytological features (not all are necessarily present in all taxa): a pigmented lipidic body (reddish globule), a swelling at the base of the anterior flagellum associated with an extraplastidial stigma (eyespot), lamellate vesicles (with a putative reserve product), and plastids without a girdle lamella and lacking continuity with the nuclear envelope. Also characteristic is the lack of chlorophyll c and violaxanthin as the dominant xanthophyll. Because of their tendency to accumulate large amounts of lipids, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, eustigmatophytes are extensively used for biotechnology applications. The potential for commercial use has sparked a renewed interest in the basic biology of Eustigmatophyceae, including initiation of genome sequencing projects, although attention remains highly biased toward a single lineage comprising the genera Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the following institutions and funding programs: Czech Science Foundation (project 13-33039S to M.E.), project LO1208 of the National Feasibility Programme I of the Czech Republic (to M.E. and T.Š.), National Science Foundation (grant number DEB1145414 to K.P.F. and M.W.F.), Arkansas INBRE program through a grant (P20 GM103429) from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health (to K.P.F. and M.W.F.), Arkansas Space Grant Consortium (to K.P.F. and M.W.F.), a University of Arkansas at Monticello Faculty Research Grant (to K.P.F.), Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (project TE01020080 to P.P.), long-term research development project of the Institute of Botany CAS no. RVO 67985939 (to P.P.), and Portuguese Science and Technology Agency (FCT) through PhD funding SFRH/BD/73359/ 2010 under POPH/QREN financing program (to R.A.).

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  1. Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, University of Ostrava, Dvořákova 7, 701 03, Ostrava, Czech Republic

    Marek Eliáš & Tereza Ševčíková

  2. Coimbra Collection of Algae (ACOI), Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3001-455, Coimbra, Portugal

    Raquel Amaral & Lilia M. A. Santos

  3. School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Arkansas at Monticello (UAM), Monticello, AR, 71656, USA

    Karen P. Fawley & Marvin W. Fawley

  4. Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Ovocný trh 3-5, 116 36, Prague, Czech Republic

    Yvonne Němcová & Jiří Neustupa

  5. Centre for Algology and Biorefinery Research Centre of Competence, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Dukelská 135, 379 82, Třeboň, Czech Republic

    Pavel Přibyl

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    John M. Archibald

  2. Department of Biology Life Sciences Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

    Alastair G.B. Simpson

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Mole, Dalhousie University Department of Biochemistry and Mole, HALIFAX, Nova Scotia, Canada

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  5. Biozentrum Köln, Universität zu Köln Biozentrum Köln, Köln, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Michael Melkonian

  6. Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, University of California Dept. Ecology, Evolution, Marine Biology, Santa Barbara, California, USA

    David J. Chapman

  7. Libertyville, Illinois, USA

    John O. Corliss

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Eliáš, M. et al. (2016). Eustigmatophyceae. In: Archibald, J., et al. Handbook of the Protists. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_39-1

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  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-32669-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-32669-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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