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Definition
The human DNA is exposed to a number of changes, these changes are frequently carried out in one or few nucleotides called mutations, which can be caused by errors in the mechanisms of DNA replication and repair as well as by environmental factors; and these mutations can have deleterious effects and cause disease. These mutations can result in polymorphisms that provide allelic variation between individuals and diversity of species; to be considered as such its frequency should be higher in one of its alleles at 1%.
Introduction
Since the discovery of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) began in the 1990s, the Human Genome Project which aimed to completely sequence the human DNA published in 2001 a first draft (Lander et al. 2001; Venter et al. 2001) to 2004 published new results delivering 99% sequence of the human genome. These developments show that the human genome consists of 2.85 billion nucleotides, packaged in two sets...
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Angel, B. (2017). Genetic Polymorphism. In: Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_754-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_754-1
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