Introduction: Globalization
In his oft‐cited book on globalization and modernity, Anthony Giddens defines globalization as:
the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. (Giddens, 1990, p. 64)
A more elaborate definition, taken from Held, McGrew, Goldblatt and Perraton ( 1999, p. 15), is as follows:
Globalization can be located on a continuum with the local, national and regional. At the one end of the continuum lie social and economic relations and networks which are organized on a local and/or national basis; at the other end lie social and economic relations and networks which crystallize on the wider scale of regional and global interactions. Globalization can be taken to refer to those spatio‐temporal processes of change which underpin a transformation in the organization of human affairs by linking together and expanding human activity across...
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Achebe, C.: 1975, ‘English and the African writer’, in A. Mazrui (ed.), The Political Sociology of the English Language, Mouton, The Hague, 216–223.
Appadurai, A.: 1990, ‘Disjuncture and difference in the global cultural economy’, in M. Featherstone (ed.), Global culture: Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity, Sage, London,
Bauman, Z.: 1998, Globalization: The Human Consequences, Polity, Oxford.
Bax, S.: 2003, ‘The end of CLT: a context approach to language teaching’, ELT Journal 57(3), 278–287.
Bisong, J.: 1995 ‘Language choice and cultural imperialism’, English Language Teaching Journal 49(2), 122–132.
Blommaert, J.: 2005, ‘Situating language rights: English and Swahili in Tanzania revisited’, Journal of Sociolinguistics 9(3), 390–417.
Brutt‐Griffler, J.: 2002, World English: A Study of its Development, Multilingual Matters, Clevedon, UK.
Cameron, D.: 2000, Good to talk? Living and Working in a Communication Culture, Sage, London.
Cameron, D.: 2002, ‘Globalization and the teaching of ‘communication skills’ ’, in D. Block and D. Cameron (eds.), Globalization and Language Teaching, Routledge, London, 67–82.
Canagarajah, S.: 1999, Resisting Linguistic Imperialism in English Teaching, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Canagarajah, S.: 2002, ‘Globalization, methods, and practice in periphery classrooms’, in D. Block and D. Cameron (eds.), Globalization and Language Teaching, Routledge, London, 134–150.
Canagarajah, S.: 2005a, ‘Dilemmas in planning English/vernacular relations in post‐colonial communities’, Journal of Sociolinguistics 9(3), 419–447.
Canagarajah, S.A. (ed.): 2005b, Reclaiming the Local in Language Policy and Practice, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
Cox, R.: 1996, ‘A perspective on globalization’, in J.M. Mittelman (ed.), Globalization: Critical Reflections, Lynne Rienner, London,
Ellis, G.: 1996, ‘How culturally appropriate is the communicative approach’, English Language Teaching Journal 50(3), 213–218.
Fishman, J.A., Cooper, R.L., and Conrad, A.W. (eds.): 1977, The Spread of English: The Sociology of English as an Additional Language, Newbury House, Rowley, Mass.
Gee, J.P., Glynda, H., and Lankshear, C.: 1996, The New Work Order: Behind the Language of the New Capitalism, Westview Press, Boulder, CO.
Giddens, A.: 1990, The Consequences of Modernity, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Giddens, A.: 1994, ‘Risk, trust, reflexivity’, in U. Beck, A. Giddens, and S. Lash (eds.), Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Hall, J.K. and Eggington, W.G. (eds.): 2000, The Sociopolitics of English Language Teaching, Multilingual Matters, Clevedon, UK.
Held, D., McGrew, A., Goldblatt, D., and Perraton, J.: 1999, Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and Culture, Polity, Cambridge.
Heller, M.: 2002, ‘Globalization and the commodification of bilingualism in Canada’, in D. Block and D. Cameron (eds.), Globalization and Language Teaching, Routledge, London, 47–63.
Heller, M.: 2003, ‘Globalization the new economy, and the commodification of language and identity’, Journal of Sociolinguistics, 7(4), 473–492.
Holliday, A.: 1994, Appropriate Methodology and Social Context, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Holliday, A.: 2005, The Struggle to Teach English as an International Language, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Holborow, M.: 1999, The Politics of English, Sage Publications, London.
Hymes, D.: 1971, On Communicative Competence, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia.
Kachru, B. (ed.): 1983, The Other Tongue: English Across Cultures, Pergamon, Oxford.
Kramsch, C. and Sullivan, P.: 1996, ‘Appropriate pedagogy’, English Language Teaching Journal, 50(3), 199–212.
Kumaravadivelu, B.: 1994, ‘The postmethod condition: (E)merging strategies for second/foreign language teaching’, TESOL Quarterly, 28(1), 27–48.
Kumaravadivelu, B.: 2003, Beyond Methods, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
Latouche, S.: 1996, The Westernizing of the World, Polity Press, Cambridge.
May, S.: 2003, ‘Rearticulating the case for minority language rights’, Current Issues in Language Planning 4(2), 95–125.
May, S.: 2005, ‘Language rights: Moving the debate forward’, Journal of Sociolinguistics 9(3), 319–347.
Mazrui, A.: 1975, The Political Sociology of the English Language: An African Perspective, Mouton, The Hague.
McKay, S.: 2002, Teaching English as an International Language: Rethinking Goals and Approaches, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Mitchell, R. and Lee, J.H.‐W.: 2003, ‘Sameness and difference in classroom learning cultures: interpretations of communicative pedagogy in the UK and Korea’, Language Teaching Research 7(1), 35–63.
Ngũgĩ, wa Thiong’o: 1993, Moving the Centre: the struggle for cultural freedoms, James Currey, London.
Pennycook, A.: 1994, The Cultural Politics of English as an International Language, Longman, London.
Pennycook, A.: 1998, English and the Discourses of Colonialism, Routledge, London.
Phillipson, R.: 1992, Linguistic Imperialism, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Richards, J. and Rodgers, T.: 2001, Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching: A Description and Analysis, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ritzer, G.: 1998, The McDonaldization Thesis, Sage, London.
Robertson, R.: 1995, ‘Globalization: Time‐Space and Homogeniety‐Heterogenity’, in M. Featherstone, S. Lash, and R. Robertson (eds.), Global Modernities, Sage Publications, London, 25–44.
Sakui, K.: 2004, ‘Wearing two pairs of shoes: Language teaching in Japan’, English Language Teaching Journal 58(2), 155–163.
Skutnabb‐Kangas, T.: 2000, Linguistic Genocide in Education—Or Worldwide Diversity and Human Rights?, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, MJ.
Smith, P.: 1997, Millennium Dreams, Verso, London.
Tollefson, J. (ed.): 1995, Power and Inequality in Language Education, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Tollefson, J. (ed.): 2002, Language Policies in Education: Critical Issues, Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, MJ.
UNESCO: 1963, The Use of Vernacular Languages in Education, UNESCO, Paris.
Van Ek, J.: 1975, The Threshold Level, Council of Europe, Strasbourg.
Wallerstein, I.: 2004, World Systems Analysis: An Introduction, Durham University Press, Durham, NC.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2008 Springer Science+Business Media LLC
About this entry
Cite this entry
Block, D. (2008). Language Education and Globalization. In: Hornberger, N.H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30424-3_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-32875-1
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-30424-3
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and Law