Abstract
The use of enzymatically modified electrodes for the detection of glucose or other non-electrochemically active analytes is becoming increasingly common. Direct heterogeneous electron transfer to glucose oxidase has been shown to be kinetically difficult, which is why electron transfer mediators or indirect detection is usually used for monitoring glucose with electrochemical sensors. It has been found, however, that electrodes modified with single or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate fast heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics as compared to that found for traditional electrodes. Incorporating CNTs into the assembly of electrochemical glucose sensors, therefore, affords the possibility of facile electron transfer to glucose oxidase, and a more direct determination of glucose. This chapter describes the methods used to use CNTs in a layer-by-layer structure along with glucose oxidase to produce an enzymatically modified electrode with high turnover rates, increased stability and shelf-life.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Liu G, Lin Y (2006) Amperometric glucose biosensor based on self-assembling glucose oxidase on carbon nanotubes. Electrochem Commun 8(2):251–256. doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2005.11.015
Zhu Z, Garcia-Gancedo L, Flewitt AJ, Xie H, Moussy F, Milne WI (2012) A critical review of glucose biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials: carbon nanotubes and graphene. Sensors (Basel) 12(5):5996–6022. doi:10.3390/s120505996
Walcarius A, Minteer SD, Wang J, Lin Y, Merkoçi A (2013) Nanomaterials for bio-functionalized electrodes: recent trends. J Mater Chem B 1(38):4878. doi:10.1039/c3tb20881h
Harper A, Anderson MR (2010) Electrochemical glucose sensors—developments using electrostatic assembly and carbon nanotubes for biosensor construction. Sensors (Basel) 10(9):8248–8274. doi:10.3390/s100908248
Turner AP (2013) Biosensors: sense and sensibility. Chem Soc Rev 42(8):3184–3196. doi:10.1039/c3cs35528d
David M, Barsan MM, Florescu M, Brett CMA (2015) Acidic and basic functionalized carbon nanomaterials as electrical bridges in enzyme loaded chitosan/poly(styree sulfonate) self-assembled layer-by-layer glucose biosensors. Electroanalysis 27:2139–2149
Mano N, Edembe L (2013) Bilirubin oxidases in bioelectrochemistry: features and recent findings. Biosens Bioelectron 50:478–485. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2013.07.014
Calvo EJ, Etcheniqe R, Danilowicz C, Diaz L (1996) Electrical communication between electrodes and enzymes mediated by redox electrodes. Anal Chem 68(23):4186–4193
Godet C, Boujtuta M, El Murr N (1999) Direct electron transfer involving a large protein: glucose oxidase. N J Chem 23:795–797
Zhang W, Li G (2004) Third-generation biosensors based on the direct electron transfer of proteins. Anal Sci 20:603–609
Calabrese Barton S, Callaway J, Atanassov PB (2004) Enzymatic biofuel cells for implantable and microscale devices. Chem Rev 104:4867–4886
Fu Y, Zou C, Xie Q, Xu X, Chen C, Deng W, Yao S (2009) Highly sensitive glucose biosensor based on one-pot biochemical preoxidation and electropolymerization of 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole in glucose oxidase-containing aqueous suspension. J Phys Chem B 113(5):1332–1340
Mugweru A, Shen Z (2010) Electrochemistry of protein and redox polymers trapped in polyethylene glycol diacrylate gel. J Undergraduate Res 9(1):1
Chen P, McCreery RL (1996) Control of electron transfer kinetics at glassy carbon electrodes by specific surface modification. Anal Chem 68:3958–3965
Guiseppi-Elie A, Lei CH, Baughman RH (2002) Direct electron transfer of glucose oxidase on carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology 13(5):559–564
Wu B, Hou S, Miao Z, Zhang C, Ji Y (2015) Layer-by-layer self-assembling gold nanorods and glucose oxidase onto carbon nanotubes functionalized sol-gel matrix for an amperometric glucose biosensor. Nanomaterials 5(3):1544–1555. doi:10.3390/nano5031544
Wooten M, Karra S, Zhang M, Gorski W (2014) On the direct electron transfer, sensing, and enzyme activity in the glucose oxidase/carbon nanotubes system. Anal Chem 86(1):752–757. doi:10.1021/ac403250w
Ramasamy RP, Luckarift HR, Ivnitski DM, Atanassov PB, Johnson GR (2010) High electrocatalytic activity of tethered multicopper oxidase-carbon nanotube conjugates. Chem Commun 46(33):6045–6047. doi:10.1039/C0CC00911C
Liu J, Chou A, Rahmat W, Paddon-Row MN, Gooding JJ (2005) Achieving direct electrical connection to glucose oxidase using aligned single walled carbon nanotube arrays. Electroanalysis 17(1):38–46. doi:10.1002/elan.200403116
Wang J (2005) Carbon-nanotube based electrochemical biosensors: a review. Electroanalysis 17(1):7–14. doi:10.1002/elan.200403113
Milton RD, Giroud F, Thumser AE, Minteer SD, Slade RC (2013) Hydrogen peroxide produced by glucose oxidase affects the performance of laccase cathodes in glucose/oxygen fuel cells: FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase as a replacement. Phys Chem Chem Phys 15(44):19371–19379
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2017 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Suroviec, A.H. (2017). Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Glucose Oxidase on Carbon Nanotube Modified Electrodes. In: Minteer, S. (eds) Enzyme Stabilization and Immobilization. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1504. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6499-4_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-6497-0
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-6499-4
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols