Abstract
The continued evolution of our understanding of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling has revealed new opportunities for drug discovery. Specifically, biased agonism at GPCRs and allosteric modulation of GPCRs both represent emerging areas of GPCR biology that hold promise for the development of novel GPCR-targeted therapeutics that may provide greater therapeutic efficacy and/or improved side-effect profiles. To obtain initial chemical leads, high-throughput screening (HTS) of a large compound library for the desired activity is often deployed during the early stages of a discovery program. The identification of allosteric modulators, in particular, poses significant challenges for HTS. We describe several HTS protocols designed for the identification of GPCR ligands, with a particular focus on the identification of allosteric modulators.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Filmore D (2004) It’s a GPCR world. Modern Drug Discov (Am Chem Soc) 7:24–28
Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL (2006) How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov 5:993–996
Kostenis E, Waelbroeck M, Milligan G (2005) Techniques: Promiscuous Gα proteins in basic research and drug discovery. Trends Pharmacol Sci 26:595–602
Christopoulos A, Kenakin T (2002) G protein-coupled receptor allosterism and complexing. Pharmacol Rev 54:323–374
May LT, Leach K, Sexton PM et al (2007) Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 47:1–51
Zhang JH, Chung TD, Oldenberg KR (1999) A simple statistical parameter for use in evaluation and validation of high throughput screening assays. J Biomol Screen 4:67–73
Burford NT, Bertekap RL Jr, Banks M et al (2011) Hit identification practices for positive allosteric modulators of G protein-coupled receptors: The need for multiple-mode screening approaches in dynamic Ca2+ flux assays. Int Drug Discov 6(1):28–33
Sharma S, Rodriguez AL, Conn PJ et al (2008) Synthesis and SAR of a mGluR5 allosteric partial antagonist lead: unexpected modulation of pharmacology with slight structural modifications to a 5-(phenylethynyl)pyrimidine scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 18:4098–4101
Jacoby E, Bouhelal R, Gerspacher M et al (2006) The 7 TM G-protein-coupled receptor target family. ChemMedChem 1:761–782
Rodriguez AL, Grier MD, Jones CK et al (2010) Discovery of novel allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 reveals chemical and functional diversity an in vivo activity in rat behavioral models of anxiolytic and antipsychotic activity. Mol Pharmacol 78:1105–1123
Noblin D, Bertekap RL Jr, Burford NT et al (2012) Development of a high-throughput calcium flux assay for identification of all ligand types including positive, negative, and silent allosteric modulators for G protein-coupled receptors. Assay Drug Dev Technol 10:457–467
Burford NT, Watson J, Bertekap R et al (2011) Strategies for the identification of allosteric modulators of G-protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 81:691–702
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this protocol
Cite this protocol
Bertekap, R.L., Burford, N.T., Li, Z., Alt, A. (2015). High-Throughput Screening for Allosteric Modulators of GPCRs. In: Filizola, M. (eds) G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Discovery. Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 1335. Humana Press, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2914-6_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2914-6_15
Publisher Name: Humana Press, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4939-2913-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4939-2914-6
eBook Packages: Springer Protocols