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Snake Venomics, Antivenomics, and Venom Phenotyping: The Ménage à Trois of Proteomic Tools Aimed at Understanding the Biodiversity of Venoms

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Toxins and Hemostasis

Abstract

This review covers the application of proteomic protocols (“venomics”, “antivenomics”, and “venom phenotyping”) to studying the composition and natural history of snake venoms, and the crossreactivity of antivenoms against homologous and heterologous venoms. Toxins from the same protein family present in venoms from snakes belonging to different genera often share antigenic determinants. This circumstance offers the possibility of defining the minimal set of venoms containing the epitopes necessary to generate therapeutic broad-range polyvalent antisera. Recent work shows how the knowledge of evolutionary trends along with venom phenotyping may be used to replace the traditionally used phylogenetic hypothesis for antivenom production strategies by cladistic clustering of venoms based on proteome phenotype and immunological profile similarities.

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Acknowledgements

The author gratefully thank the many colleagues (particularly from the Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Costa Rica) who, over the years, have provided precious venoms and antivenoms within the framework of collaborative projects and have contributed insight and suggestions. Funding for the projects described in this paper was provided by grant BFU2007-61563 from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Madrid, CRUSA-CSIC (2007CR0004), and CYTED (206AC0281). Travelling between Spain and Costa Rica was financed by Acciones Integradas, 2006CR0010 between CSIC and the University of Costa Rica (UCR).

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  1. Laboratorio de Proteinómica Estructural, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain

    Juan J. Calvete

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  1. , Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4 14, Singapore, 117543, Singapore

    R. Manjunatha Kini

  2. , Department of Haematology, University of Berne, Inselspital, Bern, CH-3010, Switzerland

    Kenneth J Clemetson

  3. , Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Health Sciences Campus/9270, Los Angeles, 90089, USA

    Francis S. Markland

  4. , Medical Technology, University of Delaware, 305G Willard Hall Educ Bld, Newark, 19716, Delaware, USA

    Mary Ann McLane

  5. , Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Nishio Kiyose 2-522-1, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan

    Takashi Morita

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Calvete, J.J. (2010). Snake Venomics, Antivenomics, and Venom Phenotyping: The Ménage à Trois of Proteomic Tools Aimed at Understanding the Biodiversity of Venoms. In: Kini, R., Clemetson, K., Markland, F., McLane, M., Morita, T. (eds) Toxins and Hemostasis. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9295-3_4

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