Abstract
The X-ray source (XRS 4) of the INTRABEAM® system accelerates electrons with a maximum voltage of 50 kV. These are steered down a 10-cm-long drift tube (probe) to strike a thin gold target at the end, and generate bremsstrahlung photon radiation in an approximately isotropic distribution (Wenz and Kraus-Tiefenbacher 2011). The probe tip consists of beryllium, transparent to X-rays above an energy of 10 keV, coated with nickel and titanium nitride, to give a durable and biocompatible surface. All of these materials will affect the characteristic spectrum of the source, to give an effective energy of approximately 20 kV for the probe only (Beatty et al. 1996; Dinsmore et al. 1996). With a spherical breast applicator attached, the beam will be hardened due to the additional material in the path of the radiation, which preferentially absorbs lower energy photons. The applicators are made from a biocompatible polyetherimide material (Ultem®), with an additional aluminium layer inside the smaller sizes (≤3.0 cm diameter) to give similar levels of hardening and shield the shaft from excess leakage.
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Schneider, F., Clausen, S., Eaton, D.J. (2014). Quality Assurance and Commissioning. In: Keshtgar, M., Pigott, K., Wenz, F. (eds) Targeted Intraoperative Radiotherapy in Oncology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39821-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39821-6_4
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