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Micro-/Nanodroplets in Microfluidic Devices

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Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology

Part of the book series: Springer Handbooks ((SHB))

Abstract

Fluid is often transported in the form of droplets in nature. From the formation of clouds to the condensation of dew on leaves, droplets are formed spontaneously in the air, on solids, and in immiscible fluids. In biological systems, droplets with lipid bilayer membranes are used to transport subnanoliter amounts of reagents between organelles, between cells, and between organs, in processes that control our day-to-day metabolic activities. The precision of such systems is self-evident and proves that droplet-based systems provide intrinsically efficient ways to perform controlled transport, reactions, and signaling.

This precision and efficiency can be utilized in many lab-on-chip applications by manipulating individual droplets using microfabricated force gradients. Complex segmented flow processes involving generating, fusing, splitting, and sorting droplets have been developed to digitally control fluid volumes and concentrations to nanoliter levels. In this chapter, microfluidic techniques for manipulating droplets are reviewed and analyzed.

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Abbreviations

AC:

alternating-current

AC:

amorphous carbon

BST:

barium strontium titanate

CEW:

continuous electrowetting

DEP:

dielectrophoresis

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

EW:

electrowetting

EWOD:

electrowetting on dielectric

GFP:

green fluorescent protein

MC:

microcantilever

MC:

microcapillary

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine Division of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., 63110, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Yung-Chieh Tan

  2. Biomedical Engineering Department, University of California at Irvine, 3120 Natural Sciences II, 92697-2715, Irvine, CA, USA

    Shia-Yen Teh

  3. Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA

    Abraham P. Lee

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  1. Yung-Chieh Tan
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  2. Shia-Yen Teh
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  3. Abraham P. Lee
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Correspondence to Yung-Chieh Tan , Shia-Yen Teh or Abraham P. Lee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Ohio State University, Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio- and Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLB2), 201 W. 19th Avenue, 43210-1142, Columbus, OH, USA

    Bharat Bhushan

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Tan, YC., Teh, SY., Lee, A.P. (2010). Micro-/Nanodroplets in Microfluidic Devices. In: Bhushan, B. (eds) Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02525-9_20

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