Abstract
In the multidisciplinary effort of today’s clinical oncology, histopathology has to deal increasingly with the genetic and proteomic profiles of neoplastic cells obtained in ever smaller samples via various diagnostic routes. None of the numerous molecular markers available has surpassed hormone and growth factor receptors in their relevance for the selection of targeted therapies. In the following, morphologic concepts and histopathologic methods pertinent to the clinically most important receptors are discussed with a focus on tumors of the breast.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allred D, Bryant J, Land S, Paik S, Fisher E, Julian T, Fisher B (2002) Estrogen receptor expression as a predictive marker of the effectiveness of tamoxifen in the treatment of DCIS: findings from NSABP protocol B-24. Breast Cancer Res Treat 78:36
Arpino G, Weiss H, Lee AV, Schiff R, De Placido S, Osborne CK, Elledge RM (2005) Estrogen receptor-positive, progesterone receptor-negative breast cancer: association with growth factor receptor expression and tamoxifen resistance. J Natl Cancer Inst 97:1254–1261
Bartlett JMS, Going JJ, Mallon EA, Watters AD, Reeves JR, Stanton P, Richmond J, Donald B, Ferrier R, Cooke TG (2001) Evaluating HER2 amplification and overexpression in breast cancer. J Pathol 195:422–428
Bardou VJ, Arpino G, Elledge RM, Osborne CK, Clark GM (2003) Progesterone receptor status significantly improves outcome prediction over estrogen receptor status alone for adjuvant endocrine therapy in two large breast cancer databases. J Clin Oncol 21:1973–1979
Bast RC Jr, Ravdin P, Hayes DF, Bates S, Fritsche H Jr, Jessup JM, Kemeny N, Locker GY, Mennel RG, Somerfield MR (2001) 2000 Update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in breast and colorectal cancer: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. J Clin Oncol 19:1865–1878
Beck T, Weikel W, Brumm C, Wilkens C, Pollow K, Knapstein PG (1994) Immunohistochemical detection of hormone receptors in breast carcinomas (ER-ICA, PgR-ICA): prognostic usefulness and comparison with the biochemical radioactive-ligand-binding assay (DCC). Gynecol Oncol 53:220–227
Bilous M, Dowsett M, Hanna W, Isola J, Lebeau A, Moreno A, Penault-Llorca F, Ruschoff J, Tomasic G, van de Vijver M (2003) Current perspectives on HER2 testing: a review of national testing guidelines. Mod Pathol 16:173–182
Bofin AM, Ytterhus B, Martin C, O’Leary JJ, Hagmar BM (2004) Detection and quantitation of HER-2 gene amplification and protein expression in breast carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 122:110–119
Bonneterre J, Thurlimann B, Robertson JF, Krzakowski M, Mauriac L, Koralewski P, Vergote I, Webster A, Steinberg M, von Euler M (2000) Anastrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for advanced breast cancer in 668 postmenopausal women: results of the Tamoxifen or Arimidex Randomized Group Efficacy and Tolerability study. J Clin Oncol 18:3748–3757
Cornfield DB, Palazzo JP, Schwartz GF, Goonewardene SA, Kovatich AJ, Chervoneva I, Hyslop T, Schwarting R (2004) The prognostic significance of multiple morphologic features and biologic markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a study of a large cohort of patients treated with surgery alone. Cancer 100:2317–2327
Ellis MJ, Coop A, Singh B, Tao Y, Llombart-Cussac A, Janicke F, Mauriac L, Quebe-Fehling E, Chaudri-Ross HA, Evans DB, Miller WR (2001) Letrozole is more effective neoadjuvant endocrine therapy than tamoxifen for ErbB-1-and/or ErbB-2-positive, estrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer: evidence from a phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 19:3808–3816
Ferno M, Stal O, Baldetorp B, Hatschek T, Kallstrom AC, Malmstrom P, Nordenskjold B, Ryden S (2000) Results of two or five years of adjuvant tamoxifen correlated to steroid receptor and S-phase levels: South Sweden Breast Cancer Group, and South-East Sweden Breast Cancer Group. Breast Cancer Res Treat 59:69–76
Goldhirsch A, Glick JH, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Thurlimann B, Senn HJ (2005) Meeting highlights: international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2005. Ann Oncol 16:1569–1583
Goldstein NS, Ferkowicz M, Odish E, Mani A, Hastah F (2003) Minimum formalin fixation time for consistent estrogen receptor immunohistochemical staining of invasive breast carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 120:86–92
Harvey JM, Clark GM, Osborne CK, Allred DC (1999) Estrogen receptor status by immunohistochemistry is superior to the ligand-binding assay for predicting response to adjuvant endocrine therapy in breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 17:1474–1481
Herynk MH, Fuqua SA (2004) Estrogen receptor mutations in human disease. Endocr Rev 25:869–898
Hsu CY, Ho DM, Yang CF, Lai CR, Yu IT, Chiang H (2002) Interobserver reproducibility of Her-2/neu protein overexpression in invasive breast carcinoma using the DAKO HercepTest. Am J Clin Pathol 118:693–698
Huang HJ, Neven P, Drijkoningen M, Paridaens R, Wildiers H, Van Limbergen E, Berteloot P, Amant F, Vergote I, Christiaens MR (2005) Association between tumour characteristics and HER-2/neu by immunohistochemistry in 1362 women with primary operable breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 58:611–616
Iwao K, Miyoshi Y, Egawa C, Ikeda N, Tsukamoto F, Noguchi S (2000) Quantitative analysis of estrogen receptor-alpha and-beta messenger RNA expression in breast carcinoma by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cancer 89:1732–1738
Jensen EV, Cheng G, Palmieri C, Saji S, Makela S, Van Noorden S, Wahlstrom T, Warner M, Coombes RC, Gustafsson JA (2001) Estrogen receptors and proliferation markers in primary and recurrent breast cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98:15197–15202
Mosselman S, Polman J, Dijkema R (1996) ER-beta: identification and characterization of a novel human estrogen receptor. FEBS Lett 392:49–53
Mouridsen H, Gershanovich M, Sun Y, Perez-Carrion R, Boni C, Monnier A, Apffelstaedt J, Smith R, Sleeboom HP, Janicke F, Pluzanska A, Dank M, Becquart D, Bapsy PP, Salminen E, Snyder R, Lassus M, Verbeek JA, Staffler B, Chaudri-Ross HA, Dugan M (2001) Superior efficacy of letrozole versus tamoxifen as first-line therapy for postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer: results of a phase III study of the International Letrozole Breast Cancer Group. J Clin Oncol 19:2596–2606
Nakopoulou L, Lazaris AC, Panayotopoulou EG, Giannopoulou I, Givalos N, Markaki S, Keramopoulos A (2004) The favourable prognostic value of oestrogen receptor beta immunohistochemical expression in breast cancer. J Clin Pathol 57:523–528
Perin T, Canzonieri V, Massarut S, Bidoli E, Rossi C, Roncadin M, Carbone A (1996) Immunohistochemical evaluation of multiple biological markers in ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Eur J Cancer 32A:1148–1155
Press MF, Slamon DJ, Flom KJ, Park J, Zhou JY, Bernstein L (2002) Evaluation of HER-2/neu gene amplification and overexpression: comparison of frequently used assay methods in a molecularly characterized cohort of breast cancer specimens. J Clin Oncol 20:3095–3105
Press MF, Sauter G, Bernstein L, Villalobos IE, Mirlacher M, Zhou JY, Wardeh R, Li YT, Guzman R, Ma Y, Sullivan-Halley J, Santiago A, Park JM, Riva A, Slamon DJ (2005) Diagnostic evaluation of HER-2 as a molecular target: an assessment of accuracy and reproducibility of laboratory testing in large, prospective, randomized clinical trials. Clin Cancer Res 11:6598–6607
Regan MM, Viale G, Mastropasqua MG, et al (2006) Re-evaluating adjuvant breast cancer trials: assessing hormone receptor status by immunohistochemical versus extraction assays. J Natl Cancer Inst 98:1571–1581
Rhodes A (2003) Quality assurance in immunohistochemistry. Am J Surg Pathol 27:1284–1285
Rhodes A, Jasani B, Barnes DM, Bobrow LG, Miller KD (2000) Reliability of immunohistochemical demonstration of estrogen receptors in routine practice: interlaboratory variance in the sensitivity of detection and evaluation of scoring systems. J Clin Pathol 53:125–130
Rhodes A, Jasani B, Balaton AJ, Barnes DM, Anderson E, Bobrow LG, Miller KD (2001) Study of interlaboratory reliability and reproducibility of estrogen and progesterone receptor assays in Europe: documentation of poor reliability and identification of insufficient microwave antigen retrieval time as a major contributory element of unreliable assays. Am J Clin Pathol 115:44–58
Roka S, Rudas M, Taucher S, Dubsky P, Bachleitner-Hofmann T, Kandioler D, Gnant M, Jakesz R (2004) High nuclear grade and negative estrogen receptor are significant risk factors for recurrence in DCIS. Eur J Surg Oncol 30:243–247
Rossi S, Laurino L, Furlanetto A, Chinellato S, Orvieto E, Canal F, Facchetti F, Dei Tos AP (2005) Rabbit monoclonal antibodies: a comparative study between a novel category of immunoreagents and the corresponding mouse monoclonal antibodies. Am J Clin Pathol 124:295–302
Skliris GP, Parkes AT, Limer JL, Burdall SE, Carder PJ, Speirs V (2002) Evaluation of seven oestrogen receptor beta antibodies for immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and flow cytometry in human breast tissue. J Pathol 197:155–162
Slamon DJ, Clark GM, Wong SG, Levin WJ, Ullrich A, McGuire WL (1987) Human breast cancer: correlation of relapse and survival with amplification of the HER-2/neu oncogene. Science 235:177–182
Spieker-Polet H, Sethupathi P, Yam PC, Knight KL (1995) Rabbit monoclonal antibodies: generating a fusion partner to produce rabbit-rabbit hybridomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:9348–9352
Spiers V, Parkes A, Kerin MJ, Walton DS, Carleton PJ, Fox JN, Atkin SA (1999) Coexpression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta: poor prognostic factors in human breast cancer? Cancer Res 59:525–528
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2007 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kölble, K. (2007). Morphological Detection of Hormone and Growth Factor Receptors in Breast Cancer. In: Dietel, M. (eds) Targeted Therapies in Cancer. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 176. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46091-6_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-46091-6_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-46090-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-46091-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)