Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a cardiac infection that involves valve leaflets, endocardium, chordae tendinae, congenital defects and anastomosis sites. It may also affect artificial intracardiac materials including artificial valves, conduits, catheters, shunt occluders and assist devices. The characteristic lesion of infective endocarditis is the vegetation which is made of aggregate of infective organisms, inflammatory cells and blood platelets and could take various shapes and sizes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med 1994; 96: 200–209.
Bonow RO, Carabello B, de Leon AC, ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease. Executive Summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 48:1–148.
Jassal DS, Aminbakhsh A, Fang T. Diagnostic value of harmonic transthoracic echocardiography in native valve infective endocarditis: comparison with transesophageal echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2007; 5:20.
Sanfilippo AJ, Picard MH, Newell JB, Rosas E, Davidoff R, Thomas JD, Weyman AE. Echocardiographic assessment of patients with infectious endocarditis: prediction of risk for complications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991; 18:1191–1199.
Mugge A, Daniel WG, Frank G. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis: reassessment of prognostic implications of vegetations size determined by transthoracic and the transesophageal approach. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; 14:631–638.
Reynolds HR, Jagen MA, Tunick PA, Kronzon I. Sensitivity of transthoracic versus transesophageal echocardiography for detection of native valve vegetations in the modern era. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003; 16:67–70.
Evangelista A, Gonzalez-Alujas MT. Echocardiography in infective endocarditis. Heart 2004; 90:614–617.
Sochowski RA, Chan KL. Implications of negative results on a monoplane transesophageal echocardiographic study in patients with suspected infective endocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993; 21:216–221.
Edmunds LH, Jr., Clark RE, Cohn LH, Grunkemeier GL, Miller DC, Weisel RD. Guidelines for reporting morbidity and mortality after cardiac valvular operations: The American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Ad Hoc Liaison Committee for Standardizing Definitions of Prosthetic Heart Valve Morbidity. Ann Thorac Surg 1996; 932–935.
Vongpatanasin W, Hillis LD, Lange RA. Prosthetic heart valves. N Engl J Med 1996; 335:407–416.
Piper C, Korfer R, Horstkotte D. Prosthetic valve endocarditis. Heart 2001; 85:590–593.
Horstkotte D, Follath F, Gutschik E, Lengyel M, Oto A, Pavie A, Soler-Soler J, Thiene G, von Graevenitz A, Priori SG, Garcia MA, Blanc JJ, Budaj A, Cowie M, Dean V, Deckers J, Fernández Burgos E, Lekakis J, Lindahl B, Mazzotta G, Morais J, Oto A, Smiseth OA, Lekakis J, Vahanian A, Delahaye F, Parkhomenko A, Filipatos G, Aldershvile J, Vardas P. Guidelines on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J 2004; 25:267–276.
Karchmer AW, Gibbons GW. Infections of prosthetic heart valve disease and vascular grafts. In: Bisno AL, Waldvogel FA, editors. Infections Associated with Indwelling Medical Devices. Washington: ASM Press, 1994; 213–249.
Habib G, Thuny F, Avierinos JF. Prosthetic valve endocarditis: current approach and therapeutic options. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 50:271–281.
Dajani AS, Taubert KA, Wilson W, Bolger AF, Bayer A, Ferrieri P, Gewitz MH, Shulman ST, Nouri S, Newburger JW, Hutto C, Pallasch TJ, Gage TW, Levison ME, Peter G, Zuccaro G, Jr. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis: recommendations by AHA. Circulation 1997; 96:358–366.
Durack DT. Prevention of infective endocarditis, N Engl J Med 1995; 322:38–44.
Wang A, Athan E, Pappas PA, Fowler VG, Jr., Olaison L, Paré C, Almirante B, Muñoz P, Rizzi M, Naber C, Logar M, Tattevin P, Iarussi DL, Selton-Suty C, Jones SB, Casabé J, Morris A, Corey GR, Cabell CH. International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study Investigators: Contemporary clinical profile and outcome of prosthetic valve endocarditis. JAMA 2007; 297:1354–1361.
Taams MA, Gussenhoven EJ, Bos E, de Jaegere P, Roelandt JR, Sutherland GR, Bom N. Enhanced morphological diagnosis in infective endocarditis by transoesophageal echocardiography. Br Heart J 1990; 63:109–113.
Daniel WG, Mügge A, Martin RP, Lindert O, Hausmann D, Nonnast-Daniel B, Laas J, Lichtlen PR. Improvement in the diagnosis of abscesses associated with endocarditis by transesophageal echocardiography. N Engl J Med 1991; 324:795–800.
McFarland MM. Pathology of infective endocarditis. In: Kaye D, editor. Infective Endocarditis. New York: Raven Press, 1992; 57–83.
Zussa C, Galloni MR, Zattera GF, Pansini S, di Summa M, Poletti GA, Ottino G, Morea M. Endocarditis in patients with bioprostheses: pathology and clinical correlations. Int J Cardiol 1984; 6:719–735.
Calderwood SB, Swinski LA, Waternaux CM, Karchmer AW, Buckley MJ. Risk factors for the development of prosthetic valve endocarditis. Circulation 1985; 72:31–37.
Graupner C, Vilacosta I, SanRomán J, Ronderos R, Sarriá C, Fernández C, Mújica R, Sanz O, SanmartÃn JV, Pinto AG. Periannular extension of infective endocarditis. J Am Col Cardiol 2002; 39:1204–1211.
San Román JA, Vilacosta I, Sarriá C, de la Fuente L, Sanz O, Vega JL, Ronderos R, González Pinto A, Jesús Rollán M, Graupner C, Batlle E, Lahulla F, Stoermann W, Portis M, Fernández-Avilés F. Clinical course, microbiologic profile, and diagnosis of periannular complications in prosthetic valve endocarditis. Am J Cardiol 1999; 83:1075–1079.
Chan KL. Early clinical course and long-term outcome of patients with infective endocarditis complicated by perivalvular abscess. Can Med Ass J 2002; 167:19–24.
Zabalgoitia M. Echocardiographic recognition and quantitation of prosthetic valve dysfunction. In: Otto C, editor, The Practice of Clinical Echocardiography, 3rd edn. Philadelphia: Saunders. 2007; 577–604.
Habib G, Tribouilloy C, Thuny F, Giorgi R, Brahim A, Amazouz M, Remadi JP, Nadji G, Casalta JP, Coviaux F, Avierinos JF, Lescure X, Riberi A, Weiller PJ, Metras D, Raoult D. Prosthetic valve endocarditis: who needs surgery? A multicentre study of 104 cases. Heart 2005; 91:954–959.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Galderisim, M., Mondillo, S. (2009). Native and Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis. In: Henein, M.Y. (eds) Valvular Heart Disease in Clinical Practice. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-275-3_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-275-3_7
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-274-6
Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-275-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)