Abstract
Literature sources on green chemistry and green engineering are numerous. The objective of this chapter is to familiarize readers with some of the green engineering and chemistry concepts, approaches, and tools. In order to do this, the chapter is organized into five sections as follows.
Keywords
These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
US EPA. The chapter does not represent the views of the US EPA or the US Government.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsNotes
- 1.
Adapted from Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice [3].
- 2.
The preliminary principles forged at this multidisciplinary conference are intended for engineers to use as a guidance in the design or redesign of products and processes within the constraints dictated by business, government, and society such as cost, safety, performance, and environmental impact.
Abbreviations
- MEN:
-
Mass exchange network
- MSA:
-
Mass separation agent
- P2:
-
Pollution prevention
- PM5 :
-
Particulate matter <5μm in diameter
- POTW:
-
Publicly owned (wastewater) treatment works
- RCRA:
-
Resource conservation and recovery act
References
EPA Green Engineering Web site. www.epa.gov/oppt/greenengineering
EPA Green Chemistry Web site, 12 principles of green chemistry. www.epa.gov/oppt/greenchemistry/principles.html
Anastas PT, Warner JC (1998) Green chemistry: theory and practice. Oxford University Press, New York
Malone MF, Huss RS (2003) Green chemical engineering aspects of reactive distillation. Environ Sci Technol 37(23):5325–5329
Allen DT, Shonnard DR (2004) Green engineering: environmentally conscious design of chemical processes, 3rd edn. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Douglas JM (1988) Conceptual design of chemical processes. McGraw-Hill, New York
Rossiter AP, Klee H (1995) Hierarchical process review for waste minimization. In: Rossetier AP (ed). Waste Minimzation through process Design McGraw-Hill, New York
Schultz MA, Stewart DG, Harris JM, Rosenblum SP, Shakur MS, O’Brien DE (2002) Reduce costs with dividing-wall columns. Chem Eng Process May:64–71
El-Halwagi MM (1997) Pollution prevention through process integration. Academic, San Diego, CA
Liu YA, Lucas B, Mann JM (2004) Up-to-date tools for water system optimization. Chem Eng 111(1):30–41
Allen DT, Rosselot KS (1997) Pollution prevention for chemical processes. Wiley, New York
Tunca C, Ramachandran PA, Dudukovic MP (2004) Role of chemical reaction engineering in sustainable development. In: Paper presented at AIChE session 7d, Austin, TX, 10 Nov 2004
Mulholland KL, Dyer JA (1999) Pollution prevention: methodology, technologies, and practices. American Institute of Chemical Engineers, New York, p 214
Ney RE Jr (1990) Where did that chemical go? Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York
Mackay D, Patterson S, diGuardo A, Cowan CE (1996) Evaluating the environmental fate of a variety of types of chemicals using the EQC model. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:1627–1637
Andren AW, Mackay D, Depinto JV, Fox K, Thibodeaux LJ, McLachlan M, Haderlein S (2000) Intermedia partitioning and transport. In: Klečka G, Boethling B, Franklin J, Grady L, Graham D, Howard PH, Kannan K, Larson B, Mackay D, Muir D, van de Meent D (eds) Evaluation of persistence and long-range transport of organic chemicals in the environment. SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, pp 131–168
Franklin J, Atkinson R, Howard PH, Orlando JJ, Seigneur C, Wallington TJ, Zetzsch C (2000) Quantitative determination of persistence in air. In: Klečka G, Boethling B, Franklin J, Grady L, Graham D, Howard PH, Kannan K, Larson B, Mackay D, Muir D, van de Meent D (eds) Evaluation of persistence and long-range transport of organic chemicals in the environment. SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, pp 7–62
Thibodeaux LJ (1996) Environmental chemodynamics: movement of chemicals in air, water, and soil, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
Clark MM (1997) Modeling for environmental engineers and scientists. Wiley, New York
Schnoor JL (1997) Environmental modeling. Wiley, New York
Bishop PL (2004) Pollution prevention: fundamentals and practice. Waveland Press, Long Grove, IL
Thomas RG (1990) Volatilization from water. In: Lyman WJ, Reehl WF, Rosenblatt DH (eds) Handbook of chemical property estimation methods. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 15-1–15-34
Larson RA, Weber EJ (1994) Reaction mechanisms in environmental organic chemistry. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL
Lerman A (1971) Time to chemical steady states in lakes and oceans. In: Hem JD (ed) Nonequilibrium systems in natural water chemistry. Advances in chemistry series #106. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, pp 30–76
Thibodeaux LJ, Valsaraj KT, Reible DD (1993) Associations of polychlorinated biphenyls with particles in natural waters. Water Sci Technol 28(8):215–221
Baum EJ (1998) Chemical property estimation: theory and application. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL
McCutcheon SC, Schnoor JL (2003) Overview of phytotransformation and control of wastes. In: McCutcheon SC, Schnoor JL (eds) Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York, pp 3–58
Larson R, Forney L, Grady L Jr, Klečka GM, Masunanga S, Peijnenburg W, Wolfe L (2000) Quantification of persistence in soil, water, and sediments. In: Klečka G, Boethling B, Franklin J, Grady L, Graham D, Howard PH, Kannan K, Larson B, Mackay D, Muir D, van de Meent D (eds) Evaluation of persistence and long-range transport of organic chemicals in the environment. SETAC Press, Pensacola, FL, pp 63–130
Gibson DT, Subramanian V (1984) Microbial degradation of aromatic compounds. In: Gibson DT (ed) Microbial degradation of organic compounds. Marcel Dekker, New York
Bedard DL, Quensen JF III (1995) Microbial reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls. In: Young LY, Cerniglia CE (eds) Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals. Wiley, New York
Fish KM, Principe JM (1994) Biotransformations of Arochlor 1242 in Hudson River Test Tube microcosms. Appl Environ Microbiol 60(12):4289–4296
Ye D, Quensen JF III, Tiedje JM, Boyd SA (1995) Evidence for para-dechlorination of polychlorobiphenyls by methanogenic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 61:2166–2171
Chakrabarty AM (1982) Biodegradation and detoxification of environmental pollutants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Alexander M (1994) Biodegradation and bioremediation. Academic, San Diego
Young LY, Cerniglia CE (1995) Microbial transformation and degradation of toxic organic chemicals. Wiley-Liss, New York
Burken JG (2004) Uptake and metabolism of organic compounds: green liver model. In: McCutcheon SC, Schnoor JL (eds) Phytoremediation: transformation and control of contaminants. Wiley, New York, pp 59–84
Jeffers PM, Wolfe NL (1997) Degradation of methyl bromide by green plants. In: Seiber JN (ed) Fumigants: environmental fate exposure and analysis. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
O’Neill W, Nzengung V, Noakes J, Bender J, Phillips P (1998) Biodegradation of tetrachloroethylene and trichloroethylene using mixed-species microbial mats. In: Wickramanayake GB, Hinchee RE (eds) Bioremediation and phytoremediation. Batelle, Columbus, WA, pp 233–237
Hughes JB, Shanks J, Vanderford M, Lauritzen J, Bhadra R (1997) Transformation of TNT by aquatic plants and plant tissue cultures. Environ Sci Technol 31:266–271
Vanderford M, Shanks JV, Hughes JB (1997) Phytotransformation of trinitrotoluene (TNT) and distribution of metabolic products in myriphyllum aquaticum. Biotechnol Lett 199:277–280
Gao J, Garrison AW, Hoehamer C, Mazur C, Wolfe NL (1999) Phytotransformations of organophosphate pesticides using axenic plant tissue cultures and tissue enzyme extract. In situ and on-site bioremediation. In: The fifth international symposium, San Diego, 19–22 April 1999
Cunningham SD, Berti WR (1993) The remediation of contaminated soils with green plants: an overview. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Plant 29:207–212
Banks MK, Schwab AP, Govindaraju RS, Kulakow P (1999) Phytoremediation of hydrocarbon contaminated soils. In: Fiorenza S, Oubre LC, Ward CH (eds) Phytoremediation. CRC Press, New York
Schwartzenbach RP, Gschwend PM, Imboden DM (1993) Environmental organic chemistry, 1st edn. Wiley, New York
Wolfe NL, Jeffers PM (2000) Hydrolysis. In: Boethling RS, Mackay D (eds) Handbooks of property estimation methods for chemicals: environmental and health science. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 311–334
Zepp RG (1982) Experimental approaches to environmental photochemistry. In: Hutzinger O (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry, Vol. 2, Part B. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 19–41
Alebić-Juretić A, Güsten H, Zetzsch C (1991) Absorption spectra of hexachlorobenzene adsorbed on SiO2 powders. Fresenius J Anal Chem 340:380–383
Bermen JM, Graham JL, Dellinger B (1992) High temperature UV absorption characteristics of three environmentally sensitive compounds. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 68:353–362
Tysklind M, Lundgrenand K, Rappe C (1993) Ultraviolet absorption characteristics of all tetra-to octachlorinated dibenzofurans. Chemosphere 27:535–546
Kwok ESC, Arey J, Atkinson R (1994) Gas-phase atmospheric chemistry of dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran. Environ Sci Technol 28:528–533
Funk DJ, Oldenborg RC, Dayton DP, Lacosse JP, Draves JA, Logan TJ (1995) Gas-phase absorption and later-induced fluorescence measurements of representative polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Appl Spectros 49:105–114
Konstantinou IK, Zarkdis AK, Albanis TA (2001) Photodegradation of selected herbicides in various natural waters and soils under environmental conditions. J Environ Qual 30:121–130
Allen DT, Shonnard DR (2002) Green engineering: environmental conscious design of chemical processes. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Windholz M, Budavara S, Blumetti RF, Otterbein ES (1983) The Merck Index: an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals, 6th edn. Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ
Howard PH, Boethling RS, Jarvis WF, Meylan WM, Michalenko EM (1991) Handbooks of environmental degradation rates. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI
Dean JA (1992) Lange’s handbook of chemistry, 14th edn. McGraw-Hill, New York
Lide DR (1994) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, 74th edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Mackay D, Shiu WY, Ma KC (1992–1997) Illustrated handbook of physical chemical properties and environmental fate of organic chemicals, vols 1–5. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL
Howard PH, Meylan WM (1997) Handbook of physical properties of organic chemicals. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Tomlin CDS (ed) (1997) The pesticide manual, 11th edn. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, Surrey
Yaws CL (1999) Chemical properties handbook. McGraw-Hill, New York
Verschueren K (2001) Handbook of environmental data on organic chemicals, 3rd and 4th edns. Van Nostrand-Reinhold, New York
Lyman WJ, Reehl WF, Rosenblatt DH (1982) Handbook of chemical property estimation methods: environmental behavior of organic compounds. McGraw-Hill, New York
Neely WB, Blau GE (1985) Environmental exposure from chemicals, vols I and II. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
Bare JC, Norris GA, Pennington DW, McKone T (2003) TRACI: the tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other impacts. J Indust Ecol 6(3–4):49–78
Goedkoop M (1995) The Eco-indicator 95, final report. Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment (NOVEM) and the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), NOH report 9523
Heijungs R, Guinée JB, Huppes G, Lankreijer RM, Udo de Haes HA, Wegener Sleeswijk A (1992) Environmental life cycle assessment of products. Guide and backgrounds. NOH Report Numbers 9266 and 9267, Netherlands Agency for Energy and the Environment, Nov 1992
ISO 14040–14049 (1997–2002) Environmental management—life cycle assessment. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland
SETAC, Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1993) Guidelines for life-cycle assessment: code of practice. Brussels, Belgium
Douglas JM (1992) Process Synthesis for Waste Minimization. Ind Eng Chem Res 31(1):238–243
PARIS II (2005). http://www.tds-tds.com/
Chen H, Shonnard DR (2004) A systematic framework for environmental-conscious chemical process design: early and detailed design stages. Ind Eng Chem Res 43(2):535–552
Allen DT, Shonnard DR (2001) Green engineering: environmentally conscious design of chemical processes and products. AlChE J 47(9):1906–1910
NRC (National Research Council) (1983) Risk assessment in the federal government: managing the process. Committee on Institutional Means for Assessment of Risks to Public Health. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
Air CHIEF. The air ClearingHouse for inventories and emission factors, CD-ROM. http://www.epa.gov/oppt/greenengineering/software.html. Accessed 2005
Mackay D, Shiu W, Ma K (1992) Illustrated hand book of physical-chemical properties and environmental fate for organic chemicals, vol 1–4. Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI
Shonnard DR, Hiew DS (2000) Comparative environmental assessments of VOC recovery and recycle design alternatives for a gaseous waste stream. Environ Sci Technol 34(24):5222–5228
WAR (WAste Reduction Algorithm). http://www.epa.gov/oppt/greenengineering/software.html
SACHE, Safety and Chemical Engineering Education. American Institute of Chemical Engineers. http://www.sache.org. Accessed 2005
Shonnard DR (2005) Tools and materials for green engineering and green chemistry education, green chemistry and engineering education—a workshop organized by the Chemical Sciences Roundtable of the National Research Council, 7–8 Nov 2005
Genco JM (1991) Pulp. In: Kroschwitz JI (ed) Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, vol 20. Wiley, New York, p 493
Collins TJ, Horwitz C, Gordon-Wylie SW (1999) TAML™ Activators: general activation of hydrogen peroxide for green oxidation processes, provided by Mary Kirchhoff. Green Chemistry Institute, American Chemical Society
Miller K (2005) Comments at the panel discussion in the session “Building the business case for sustainability,” AIChE spring meeting, Atlanta, 12 April 2005
Schrott W, Saling P (2000) Eco-efficiency analysis—testing products for their value to the customer. Melliand Textil 81(3):190, 192–194
Landsiedel R, Saling P (2002) Assessment of toxicological risks for life cycle assessment and eco-efficiency analysis. Int J Life Cycle Assess 7(5):261–268
Azapagic A (1999) Life cycle assessment and its application to process selection, design, and optimization. Chem Eng J 73(1):1–21
Burgess AA, Brennan DJ (2001) Application of life cycle assessment to chemical processes. Chem Eng Sci 56, 8 (April) 2589, 2609
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution (1988) Best practicable environmental option. Twelfth report, Cm130, London, England
Beaver ER (2004) Calculating metrics for acetic acid production. In: AIChE sustainability engineering conference proceedings, Austin, TX, Nov 2004, pp 7–15
International Organization of Standardization (ISO) (1997) Environmental management—life cycle assessment—principles and framework. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (International Standard ISO14040:1997(E))
International Organization of Standardization (ISO) (1998) Environmental management—life cycle assessment—goal and scope definition and inventory analysis. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (International Standard ISO14041:1998(E))
International Organization of Standardization (ISO) (2000) Environmental management—life cycle assessment—life cycle impact assessment. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (International Standard ISO14042:2000(E) )
International Organization of Standardization (ISO) (2000) Environmental management—life cycle assessment—life cycle interpretation. International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (International Standard ISO14043:2000(E) )
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2006) Environmental management—life-cycle assessment—principles and framework. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (International Standard ISO 14040:2006)
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (2006) Environmental management—life-cycle assessment—requirements and guidelines. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (International Standard ISO 14044:2006)
Ukidwe NW, Bakshi BR (2004) Economic versus natural capital flows in industrial supply networks—implications to sustainability. In: AIChE sustainability engineering conference proceedings, Austin, TX, Nov 2004, pp 145–153
Graedel TE (1998) Streamlined life-cycle assessment. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Curran M (ed) (1997) Environmental life-cycle assessment. McGraw Hill, New York
Azapagic A, Perdan S, Clift R (2004) Sustainable development in practice: case studies for engineers and scientists. Wiley, New York
Chevalier J, Rousseaux P, Benoit V, Benadda B (2003) Environmental assessment of flue gas cleaning processes of municipal solid waste incinerators by means of the life cycle assessment approach. Chem Eng Sci 58(10):2053–2064
Ekvall T, Finnveden G (2001) Allocation in ISO 14041—a critical review. J Cleaner Prod 9(3):197–208
Bakshi BR, Hau JL (2004) A multiscale and multiobjective approach for environmentally conscious process retrofitting. In: AIChE sustainability engineering conference proceedings, Austin, TX, Nov 2004, pp 229–235
Ukidwe NW, Bakshi BR (2004) A multiscale Bayesian framework for designing efficient and sustainable industrial systems. In: AIChE sustainability engineering conference proceedings, Austin, TX, Nov 2004, pp 179–187
Suh S, Lenzen M, Treloar GJ, Hondom H, Harvath A, Huppes G, Jolliet O, Klann U, Krewitt W, Morguchi Y, Munksgaard J, Norris G (2004) System boundary selection in life-cycle inventories using hybrid approaches. Environ Sci Technol 38(3):657–663
Lei L, Zhifeng L, Fung R (2003) “The most of the most”—study of a new LCA method. In: IEEE proceedings, San Francisco, CA pp 177–182
Bakshi BR, Hau JL (2004) Using exergy analysis for improving life cycle inventory databases. In: AIChE sustainability engineering conference proceedings, Austin, TX, Nov 2004, pp 131–134
Cornelissen RL, Hirs GG (2002) The value of the exergetic life cycle assessment besides the LCA. Energy Convers Manage 43:1417–1424
Becalli G, Cellura M, Mistretta M (2003) New exergy criterion in the “multi-criteria” context: a life cycle assessment of two plaster products. Energy Conserv Manage 44:2831–2838
Jimenez-Gonzalez C, Overcash MR, Curzons A (2001) Waste treatment modules—a partial life cycle inventory. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 76:707–716
Jimenez-Gonzalez C, Kim S, Overcash MR (2000) Methodology for developing gate-to-gate life cycle inventory information. Int J Life Cycle Assess 5:153–159
Curzons AD, Jimenez-Gonzalez C, Duncan AL, Constable DJC, Cunningham VL (2007) Fast life cycle assessment of synthetic chemistry FLASC tool. Int J Life Cycle Assess 12:272–280
Grinter T (2010) The development of an environmentally sustainable process for radafaxine. In: Dunn P, Wells A, Williams T (eds) green chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 197–219
Xun J, High KA (2004) A new conceptual hierarchy for identifying envirnomental sustainability merrics. Environmental progress 23(4):291–301
Shonnard DR, Kichere A, Saling P (2003) Industrial applications using BASF eco-efficiency analysis: perspectives on green engineering principles. Environ Sci Technol 37:5340–5348
Mueller J, Griese H, Schischke K, Stobbe I, Norris GA, Udo de Haes HA (2004) Life cycle thinking for green electronics: basics in ecodesign and the UNEP/SETAC life cycle initiative. In: International IEEE conference on Asian green electronics, Hong Kong and Shenzhen china, pp 193–199
Widiyanto A, Kato S, Maruyama N, Kojima Y (2003) Environmental impact of fossil fuel fired co-generation plants using a numerically standardized LCA scheme. J Energy Res Technol 125:9–16
Goralczyk M (2003) Life-cycle assessment in the renewable energy sector. Appl Energy 75:205–211
Schleisner L (2000) Life cycle assessment of a wind farm and related externalities. Renew Energy 20:279–288
Koroneos C, Dompros A, Roumbas G, Moussiopoulos N (2004) Life cycle assessment of hydrogen fuel production processes. Int J Hydrogen Energy 29:1443–1450
Furuholt E (1995) Life cycle assessment of gasoline and diesel. Resources Conserv Recycl 14:251–263
MacLean HL, Lave LB (2003) Life cycle assessment of automobile/fuel options. Environ Sci Technol 37:5445–5452
Narayanan D, Zhang Y, Mannan MS (2007) Engineering for sustainable development (ESD) in biodiesel production. Trans IChem E 85:349–359
Dinh LTT, Guo Y, Mannan MS (2009) Sustainability evaluation of biodiesel production using multicriteria decision making. Environ Prog Sust Energy 28:38–46
Amatayakul W, Ramnas O (2001) Life cycle assessment of a catalytic converter for passenger cars. J Cleaner Prod 9:395–403
Baratto F, Diwekar UM (2005) Life cycle of fuel cell-based APUs. J Power Sources 139:188–196
Eagan P, Weinberg L (1999) Application of analytic hierarchy process techniques to streamlined life-cycle analysis of two anodizing processes. Environ Sci Technol 33:1495–1500
Tan R, Khoo BH, Hsien H (2005) An LCA study of a primary aluminum supply chain. J Cleaner Prod 13(6):607–618
Jodicke G, Zenklusen O, Weidenhaupt A, Hungerbuhler K (1999) Developing environmentally sound processes in the chemical industry: a case study on pharmaceutical intermediates. J Cleaner Prod 7(2):159–166
Jimenez-Gonzalez C, Curzons AD, Constable DJC, Cunningham VL (2004) Cradle-to-gate life cycle inventory and assessment of pharmaceutical compounds. Int Life Cycle Assess 9:114–121
Jimenez-Gonzalez C, Overcash MR (2000) Energy optimization during early drug development and the relationship with environmental burdens. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 75:983–990
Wall-Markowski CA, Kicherer A, Saling P (2004) Using eco-efficiency analysis to assess renewable-resource-based technologies. Environ Progress 23(4):329–333
Slater CS, Savelski MJ, Carole WA, Constable DJC (2010) Solvent use and waste issues. In: Dunn P, Wells A, Williams T (eds) Green chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 49–82
Slater CS, Savelski MJ (2009) Towards a greener pharmaceutical manufacturing environment. Innov Pharm Tech 29:78–83
Raymond MJ, Slater CS, Savelski MJ (2010) LCA approach to the analysis of solvent waste issues in the pharmaceutical industry. Green Chem 12:1826–1834
Slater CS, Savelski MJ, Taylor S, Kiang S, LaPorte T, Spangler L (2007) Pervaporation as a green drying process for solvent recovery in pharmaceutical production. Paper 223f, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2007 annual meeting, Salt Lake City, UT, Nov 2007
Slater CS, Savelski MJ, Hounsell G, Pilipauskas D, Urbanski F (2008) Analysis of separation methods for isopropanol recovery in the celecoxib process, Paper 290b. In: Proceedings 2008 meeting, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, Philadelphia, PA, Nov 2008
Raluy RG, Serra L, Uche J, Valero A (2004) Life-cycle of desalination technologies integrated with energy production systems. Desalination 167:445–458
Pre Consultants, Amersfoort, The Netherlands http://www.pre-sustainability.com
Papasavva S, Kia S, Claya J, Gunther R (2001) Characterization of automotive paints: an environmental impact analysis. Prog Org Coat 43:193–206
Dobson ID (2001) Life cycle assessment for painting processes, putting the VOC issue in perspective. Prog Org Coat 27:55–58
Lopes E, Dias A, Arroja L, Capela I, Pereira F (2003) Application of life cycle assessment to the Portuguese pulp and paper industry. J Cleaner Prod 11:51–59
Rios P, Stuart JA, Grant E (2003) Plastics disassembly versus bulk recycling: engineering design for end-of-life electronics resource recovery. Environ Sci Technol 37:5463–5470
Song H-S, Hyun JC (1999) A study on the comparison of the various waste management scenarios for pet bottles using life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Resour Conserv Recycl 27:267–284
Ekvall T (1999) Key methodological issues for life cycle inventory analysis of paper recycling. J Cleaner Prod 7:281–294
Shiojiri K, Yanagisawa Y, Fujii M, Kiyono F, Yamasaki A (2004) A life cycle impact assessment study on sulfur hexafluoride as a gas insulator. In: AIChE sustainability engineering conference proceedings, Austin, TX, Nov 2004, pp 135–143
Vlasopoulos N, Memom FA, Butler D, Murphy R (2006) Life cycle assessment of wastewater treatment technologies treating petroleum process waters. Sci Total Environ 367:58–70
Sauers L, Mitra S (2009) Sustainability innovation in the consumer products industry. Chem Eng Progress 105:36–40
Cederberg C, Mattson B (2000) Life cycle assessment of milk production—a comparison of conventional and organic farming. J Cleaner Prod 8:49–60
Zabaniotou A, Kassidi E (2003) Life cycle assessment applied to egg packaging made from polystyrene and recycled paper. J Cleaner Prod 11:549–559
Bohlmann GM (2004) Biodegradable packaging life-cycle assessment. Environ Progress 23(4):342–346
Anderson K, Ohlsson T, Olsson P (1998) Screening life cycle assessment of tomato ketchup: a case study. J Cleaner Prod 6:277–288
Additional Suggested Reading: Introduction to Green Chemistry and Green Engineering
Allen D, Rosselot K (1997) Pollution prevention for chemical processes. Wiley, New York
Allen DT, Shonnard DR (2001) Green engineering: environmentally conscious design of chemical processes and products. AlChE J 47(9):1906–1910
Anastas PA, Zimmerman JB (2003) Design through the twelve principles of green engineering. Environ Sci Technol 37(5):94A–101A
Boethling R, Mackay D (2000) Handbook of property estimation methods for chemicals. Lewis Publishers, Roca Raton, FL
Byrd D, Cothern R (2000) Introduction to risk analysis. Government Institutes, Rockville, MD
Daugherty J (1998) Assessment of chemical exposures. Lewis Publishers, Roca Ratan, FL
El-Halwagi M (1997) Pollution prevention through process integration. Academic, San Aeogo, CA
EPA Exposure Assessment Web site. www.epa.gov/oppt/exposure
EPA Pollution Prevention Framework Web site. www.epa.gov/oppt/p2framework/
Hesketh RP, Slater CS, Savelski MJ, Hollar K, Farrell S (2004) A program to help in designing courses to integrate green engineering subjects. Int J Eng Educ 20(1):113–128
Graedel TE, Allenby BR (1995) Industrial ecology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Martin A, Nguyen N (2003) Green engineering: defining the principles—results from the Sandestin conference. Environ Progress 22(4):233–236
Ritter S (2003) A green agenda for engineering. Chem Eng News 81(29):30–32
Shonnard DR, Allen DT, Nguyen N, Austin SW, Hesketh R (2003) Green engineering education through a US EPA/academia collaboration. Environ Sci Technol 37(23):5453–5462
Slater CS, Hesketh RP (2004) Incorporating green engineering into a material and energy balance course. Chem Eng Educ 38(1):48–53
Socolow R, Andrews F, Berkhout F, Thomas V (1994) Industrial ecology and global change. Cambridge University Press, New York
Pollution Prevention Heuristics for Chemical Processes
EPA Green Chemistry Web site, Green chemistry expert system: analysis of existing processes, building new green processes, and design. www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/tools.htm
Freeman H (ed) (1994) Industrial pollution prevention handbook. McGraw Hill, New York
Allen DT, Shonnard DR (2002) Green engineering: environmentally conscious design of chemical processes. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ
Dyer JA, Mulholland KL (1998) Prevent pollution via better reactor design and operation. Chem Eng Process 94(2):61–66
Wynn C (2001) Pervaporation comes of age. Chem Eng Process October:66–72
Understanding and Prediction of the Environmental Fate of Chemicals
Crosby DG, Wong AS (1977) Environmental degradation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Science 195:1337–1338
Hansch C, Leo A (1995) Exploring QSAR: fundamental and applications in chemistry and biology. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC
Jeffers PM, Wolfe NL (1998) Green plants: a terrestrial sink for atmospheric methyl bromide. Geophys Res Lett 25:43–46
Mackay D (1991) Multimedia environmental models: the fugacity approach. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL
Meylen WM, Howard PH (1995) Atom/fragment contribution method for estimating octanol-water partition coefficients. J Pharm Sci 84:83–92
Syracuse Research Corporation [SRC] (2005) Syracuse, NY. Internet address: http://www.syrres.com
Environmental Performance Assessment for Chemical Process Design
Cano-Ruiz JA, McRae GJ (1998) Environmentally conscious chemical process design. Annu Rev Energy Environ 23:499
Life-Cycle Assessment
Carnegie Mellon University. http://www.eiolca.net/index.html, developed by Green Design Initiative, Carnegie Mellon University. Accessed 21 March 2005
Bauman H, Tillman A-M (2004) The Hitch Hiker’s guide to LCA: an orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and applications. Studentlitteratur, AB, Lund
Graedel TE (1998) Streamlined life-cycle assessment. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ
Acknowledgments
P. A. Ramachandran would like to thank National Science Foundation for partial support of research in the general area of environmentally benign processing through the grant NSF-ERC center grant EEC-0310689.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shonnard, D. et al. (2012). Green Engineering: Integration of Green Chemistry, Pollution Prevention, and Risk-Based Considerations. In: Kent, J. (eds) Handbook of Industrial Chemistry and Biotechnology. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4259-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-4258-5
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-4259-2
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)