Abstract
Acute leukemia is characterized by a rapid increase and accumulation of immature hematopoietic cells. The resultant crowding of the bone marrow hinders production of healthy blood cells. As well, the malignant cells spill over into the bloodstream and can spread to other organs of the body. Acute leukemia is usually characterized by unchecked growth of the malignant cells and early death, if left untreated. Specifics concerning the clinical features and treatment of acute leukemia can be found elsewhere in this textbook. This chapter will focus on the molecular pathogenesis of acute leukemia.
Keywords
- Class I (activating) mutations
- Class II mutations
- Two-hit phenomenon
- Twin studies
- Leukemia stem cell
- Hematopoietic stem cells
- HSC differentiation
- Hierarchical model
- Stochastic model
- Stem cell niche
- Epigenetics
- DNA methylation
- CpG island
- Hypermethylation
- Histones
- Histone code
- Histone acetyltransferase)
- Histone deacetylase
- Activating histone marks
- Repressive histone marks
- MicroRNAs
- Protein translation
- S6 kinase
- eIF4E
- 4E binding proteins
- Ribavirin
- Chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia
- Chromosome translocation
- Chromosome inversion
- Acute promyelocytic leukemia
- Reinoic acid receptor alpha
- Fusions in APL
- Core-binding factor leukemias
- RUNX1
- CBFbeta
- RUNX1–CBFA2T1 (previously known as AML1–ETO)
- CBFB–MYH11
- MLL fusions
- HOX genes
- MLL fusions partners
- Nuclear MLL fusions partners
- Cytoplasmic MLL fusion partners
- BCR–ABL
- ETV6–RUNX1
- E2A fusions
- Gene mutations in acute leukemia
- FMS-like tyrosine kinas (FLT3)
- Nucleophosmin
- NPM cytoplasmic mutant
- Paired box protein 5
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Nichol, J.N., Assouline, S., Miller, W.H. (2013). The Etiology of Acute Leukemia. In: Wiernik, P., Goldman, J., Dutcher, J., Kyle, R. (eds) Neoplastic Diseases of the Blood. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3764-2_14
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