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Multifaceted Kinetics of Immuno-Evasion from Tumor Dormancy

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Systems Biology of Tumor Dormancy

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 734))

Abstract

Tumor progression is subject to modulation by the immune system. The immune system can eliminate tumors or keep them at a dormant equilibrium size, while some tumors escape immunomodulation and advance to malignancy. Herein, we discuss some aspects of immune evasion of dormant tumors from a theoretical biophysics point of view that can be modeled mathematically. We go on to analyze the mathematical system on multiple timescales. First, we consider a long timescale where tumor evasion is likely due to adaptive (and somewhat deterministic) immuno-editing. Then, we consider the temporal mesoscale and hypothesize that extrinsic noise could be a major factor in induction of immuno-evasion. Implications of immuno-evasive mechanisms for the outcome of immunotherapies are also discussed. In addition, we discuss the ideas that population level tumor dormancy may not be a quiescence phenomenon and that dormant tumors can, at least if modulated by the immune system, live a very active and noisy life!

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Acknowledgments

I very much thank Heiko Enderling, Nava Almog, and Lynn Hlatky for inviting me to contribute to this book! I also extend my thanks to the anonymous referees for their very useful suggestions.

This work was performed in the framework of the Integrated Project “P-medicine—from data sharing and integration via VPH models to personalized medicine” (project ID: 270089), which is partially funded by the European Commission under the 7th framework program.

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  1. Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Ripamonti 435, Milano, 20141, Italy

    Alberto d’Onofrio

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  1. Alberto d’Onofrio
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Correspondence to Alberto d’Onofrio .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, 02135, Massachusetts, USA

    Heiko Enderling

  2. , Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, 02135, Massachusetts, USA

    Nava Almog

  3. , Center of Cancer Systems Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 736 Cambridge Street, Boston, 02135, Massachusetts, USA

    Lynn Hlatky

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d’Onofrio, A. (2013). Multifaceted Kinetics of Immuno-Evasion from Tumor Dormancy. In: Enderling, H., Almog, N., Hlatky, L. (eds) Systems Biology of Tumor Dormancy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 734. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1445-2_7

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