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Sectorial Energy and Exergy Utilization

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Sustainable Energy Systems and Applications

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Abstract

Thermodynamic analysis based on energy and exergy balance can be applied at macroscales such as sector of activity, geopolitical region, country, group of countries, or the world. An energy balance can be determined by accounting for all primary energy flows, all useful forms of energy, and the energy losses in the conversion processes. Such analysis gives important insights regarding the way in which the primary energy resources are used; it helps identify the ways and places for improvement, and it is a necessary tool for macroeconomical planning.

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Abbreviations

COP:

Coefficient of performance

ex :

Specific exergy, kJ/kg

HHV:

Higher heating value, MJ/kg or MJ/kmol

I T :

Solar radiation, W/m2

ke :

Specific kinetic energy, kJ/kg

LHV:

Lower heating value, MJ/kg

q :

Heat per unit of mass, kJ/kg or mol, kJ/mol or surface (″), kW/m2

Q :

Heat, J

T :

Temperature, K

w :

Specific work, J/kg

W :

Work, J

η :

Energy efficiency

ψ :

Exergy efficiency

ζ :

Quality factor

0:

Reference state

inp:

Input

p:

Process

ch:

Chemical

s:

Solar

″:

Per unit of surface

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Engineering & Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa, ON, L1H 7K4, Canada

    İbrahim Dinçer & Calin Zamfirescu

Authors
  1. İbrahim Dinçer
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  2. Calin Zamfirescu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to İbrahim Dinçer .

Study Questions/Problems

Study Questions/Problems

  1. 17.1

    Why should sectorial exergy utilization accompany sectorial energy utilization studies?

  2. 17.2

    Explain the thermodynamic analysis at macroscale based on energy and exergy.

  3. 17.3

    How is thermodynamic modeling performed at the sectorial level?

  4. 17.4

    What are the quality factors associated with some energy forms?

  5. 17.5

    Comment on the features of energy/exergy flows at the sectorial level of a geopolitical region.

  6. 17.6

    What are the main subsystems of the commercial and residential sectors?

  7. 17.7

    What are the main subsectors of the industrial sector and their principal attributes?

  8. 17.8

    Taking an example from Turkey, explain the quantitative differences between energy and exergy utilization from primary sources.

  9. 17.9

    How one can calculate the exergy efficiency of the agricultural sector?

  10. 17.10

    Comment on the differences between energy and exergy efficiencies of the agricultural sector of Canada and Saudi Arabia.

  11. 17.11

    Comment on energy shares of means of transportation in Turkey, Jordan, Greece, and China.

  12. 17.12

    Similar to the case study presented in the chapter, try to perform a sectorial energy and exergy analysis of a country or geopolitical region.

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Dinçer, İ., Zamfirescu, C. (2011). Sectorial Energy and Exergy Utilization. In: Sustainable Energy Systems and Applications. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95861-3_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-95861-3_17

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-387-95860-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-0-387-95861-3

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