Abstract
This chapter reviews RF volume, array, and surface coil modeling, design, construction, control, safety, and human in-vivo application examples for field strengths from 4 to 9.4 T. While a comprehensive variety of coils is included, focus is on the transmission line (TEM) technology head, body, surface, and array coils developed by the author over the past 16 years. References provide a supplement to this material for the many details that cannot be covered in a single book chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
7. References
Ugurbil K, Garwood M, Ellermann J, Hendrich K, Hinke R, Hu X, Kim S-G, Menon R, Merkle H, Ogawa S. 1993. Imaging at high magnetic fields: initial experiences at 4T. Magn Reson Q 9:259–277.
Pan J, Vaughan J, Kuzniecky R, Pohost G, Hetherington H. 1995. High resolution neuroimaging at 4.1T. Magn Reson Imag 13:915–921.
Hetherington H, Kuzniecky R, Pan J, Mason G, Morawetz R, Harris C, Faught E, Vaughan T, Pohost G. 1995. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of human temporal lobe epilepsy at 4.1T. Ann Neurol 38:396–404.
Gruetter R. 1996. Observation of resolved glucose signals in 1H NMR spectra of human brain at 4 tesla. Magn Reson Med 36:1–6.
Robitaille PML, Abduljalil A, Kangarlu A, Zhang X, Yu Y, Burgess R, Bair S, Noa P, Yang L, Zhu H, Palmer B, Jiang Z, Chakeres D, Spigos D. 1998. Human magnetic resonance imaging at 8T. NMR Biomed 11:263–265.
Yacoub E, Pfeufer P, Van de Mortele P-F, Adriany G, Andersen P, Vaughan T, Merkle H, Ugurbil K, Hu X. 2001. Imaging brain function in human at 7 tesla. Magn Reson Med 45(4):588–594.
Vaughan J, Garwood M, Collins C, Liu W, DelaBarre L, Adriany G, Andersen P, Merkle H, Goebel R, Smith M, Ugurbil K. 2001. 7T vs. 4T: RF power, homogeneity, & signal-to-noise comparison in head images. Magn Reson Med 46:24–30.
Abragam A. 1978. The principles of nuclear magnetism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hoult D, Lauterbur P. 1979. The sensitivity of the zeugmatographic experiment involving human samples. J Magn Reson 34:425.
Dickenson R. 1986. Measurement changes in tissue temperature using MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 10:468.
Brown R, Martens H, Patrick J, Zypman F. 1988. A layer model for RF penetration, heating and screening in NMR. J Magn Reson 80:225–247.
Shellock F, Crues J. 1988. Temperature changes caused by MR imaging of the brain. Am J Neuroradiol 9:287–291.
Athey T. 1989. A model of the temperature rise in the head due to magnetic resonance imaging procedures. Magn Reson Med 9:177–184.
Bottomley P, Andrew E. 1978. RF magnetic field penetration, phase shift and power dissipation in biological tissue: implications for NMR imaging. Phys Med Biol 23:630–643.
Stutzman W, Thiele G. 1981. Antenna theory and design. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Libby L. 1945. Special aspects of balanced shielded loops. Proc IRE Waves Electrons 34:641–646.
Graf F. 1991. Modern dictionary of electronics. Indianapolis: Howard W. Sams.
Halliday D, Resnick R. 1974. Fundamentals of physics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Vaughan J, Hetherington H, Harrison J, Otu J, Pan J, Noa P, den Hollander J, Pohost G. 1993. High frequency coils for clinical nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Physica Medica 9:147–153.
Vaughan J, Hetherington H, Otu J, Pan J, Pohost G. 1994. High frequency volume coils for clinical NMR imaging and spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 32:206–218.
Vaughan J, Adriany G, Garwood M, Yacoub E, Duong T, DelaBarre L, Andersen P, Ugurbil K. 2002. A detunable TEM volume coil for high field NMR. Magn Reson Med 47(5):990–1000.
Vaughan J, Adriany G, Snyder C, Tian J, Thiel T, Bolinger L, Liu H, DelaBarre L, Ugurbil K. 2004. Efficient high-frequency body coil for high-field MRI. Magn Reson Med 52:851–859.
Harrington R. 1961. Time-harmonic electromagnetic fields. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Barfuss H, Fischer H, Hentschel D, Ladebeck R, Vetter J. 1988. Whole body imaging and spectroscopy with a 4 tesla system. Radiology 169:811–816.
Harrison J, Vaughan J. 1996. Finite element modeling of head coils for high frequency magnetic resonance application. Ann Rev Prog Appl Comput Electromagn 12:1220–1226.
Yang Q, Wang J, Zhang X, Collins C, Smith M, Liu H, Zhu X-H, Vaughan J, Ugurbil K, Chen W. 2002. An analysis of wave behavior in lossy dielectric samples at high field. Magn Reson Med 47:982–989.
Brezovich I, Young J, Wang M. 1983. Temperature distributions in hyperthermia by electromagnetic induction: a theoretical model for the thorax. Med Phys 10:57.
Duck F. 1990. Physical properties of tissue. New York: Academic Press.
Durney C, Massoudi H, Iskander M. 1986. Radiofrequency radiation dosimetry. Brooks Airforce Base, TX: USAF School of Aerospace Medicine.
Pennes HH. 1948. Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperature in the resting human forearm. J Appl Physiol 1:93–122.
Carlson J. 1988. Radiofrequency field propagation in conductive NMR samples. J Magn Reson 78:563–573.
Brown R, Haacke M, Martens M, Patrick J, Zypman F. 1988. A layer model for RF penetration, heating, and screening in NMR. J Magn Reson 80:225–247.
Foster K, Schwan H. 1989. Dielectric properties of tissues and biological materials: a critical review. Crit Rev Bioeng 17:25.
Stuchly M. 1990. Applications of time-varying fields in medicine. Crit Rev Bioeng 18:89.
Kanal E, Shellock F, Lalith T. 1990. Safety considerations in MR imaging. Radiology 176:593–606.
Röschmann P. 1987. Radiofrequency penetration and absorption in the human body: limitations to high-field whole-body nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Med Phys 14:922–931.
Vaughan J, Harrison J, Hetherington H, Evanochko W, Pohost G. 1992. Radiofrequency surface coil heating measurements in porcine muscle. Proc Soc Magn Reson 4026.
Vaughan J, Harrison J, Thorn B, Pohost G. 1993. Hot rings: high frequency heating patterns in tissues. Proc Soc Magn Reson 1369.
Vaughan J, Haupt N, Noa P, Vaughn J, Pohost G. 1995. RF front end for a 4.1 tesla clinical NMR spectrometer. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 42(4):1333–1337.
Reykowski A, Wright S, Porter J. 1995. Design of matching networks for low noise preamplifiers. Magn Reson Med 33:848–852.
Roemer P, Edelstein W, Hayes C, Sousa S, Mueller O. 1990. The NMR phased array. Magn Reson Med 16:192–225.
Sodickson D, Manning W. 1997. Simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH): fast imaging with radiofrequency coil arrays. Magn Reson Med 38:591–603.
Pruessmann K, Weiger M, Scheidegger M, Boesiger P. 1999. SENSE: sensitivity encoding for fast MRI. Magn Reson Med 42:952–962.
Griswold M, Jakob P, Edelman R, Sodickson D. 2000. A multicoil array designed for cardiac SMASH imaging. MAGMA 10:105–113.
Edelstein W, Hardy C, Mueller O. 1986. Electronic decoupling of surface coil receivers for NMR imaging and spectroscopy. J Magn Reson 67:156–161.
Purcell E, Torrey H, Pound R. 1946. Resonance absorption by nuclear magnetic moments in a solid. Phys Rev 69:37.
Schneider H, Dullenkopf P. 1977. Slotted tube resonator: a new NMR probe heat at high observing frequencies. Rev Sci Instrum 48:68.
Röschmann P [Philips, assignee]. 1988. High-frequency coil system for a magnetic resonance imaging appartus. US Patent 4746866.
Bridges J. 1988. Cavity resonator with improved magnetic field uniformity for high frequency operation and reduced dielectric heating in NMR imaging devices. US Patent 4751464.
Baertlein B, Ozbay O, Ibrahim T, Lee R, Yu Y, Kangarlu A, Robitaille P. 2000. Theoretical model for an MRI radio frequency resonator. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 47:535–545.
Beck B, Plant D, Grant S, Thelwall P, Silver X, Mareci T, Benveniste H, Smith M, Collins C, Crozier S. 2002. Progress in MRI at the University of Florida. MAGMA 13:152–157.
Bogdanov G, Ludwig R. 2002. Coupled microstrip line transverse electromagnetic resonator model for high-field magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 47:579–593.
Peshkovsky AS, Kennan RP, Fabry ME, Avdievich NI. 2005. Open half-volume transverse electromagnetic coil for high field magnetic resonance imaging. Magn Reson Med 53:937–943.
Vaughan J. [Massachusetts General Hospital, assignee]. 2003. RF coil for imaging system. US Patent 6633131.
Zhang X, Ugurbil K, Chen W. 2003. A microstrip transmission line volume coil for human head MR imaging at 4T. J Magn Reson 161:242–251.
Chipman R. 1968. Theory and problems of transmission lines. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Vaughan J, Roschmann P, Pan J, Hetherington H, Chapman B, Noa P, Vermeulen J, Pohost G. 1991. A double resonant surface coil for 4.1 tesla whole body NMR. Proc Soc Magn Reson 722.
Alderman D, Grant D. 1979. An efficient decoupler coil design which reduces heating in conductive samples in superconducting spectrometers. J Magn Reson 36:447–451.
Hayes C, Edelstein W, Schenck J, Mueller O, Eash M. 1985. An efficient highly homogeneous radiofrequency coil for whole-body NMR imaging at 1.5T. J Magn Reson 63:622–628.
Roemer P, Edelstein W [General Electric, assignee]. 1989. Double-sided RF shield for RF coil contained within gradient coils of NMR imaging device. US Patent 4879515.
Watkins R, Rohling K, Piel J, Rosenfeld D, Kelley D, Lenkinski R, Kressel H, Montag A. 2001. Whole body RF coil for 3 tesla MRI system. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med 1123.
Krause N [Siemens Aktiengesellschaft, Munich, assignee]. 1985. High frequency field system for nuclear magnetic resonance appartus. US Patent 4506224.
Adriany G, Van de Mortele P-F, Wiesinger F, Moeller S, Strupp J, Andersen P, Snyder C, Zhang X, Chen W, Pruessmann K, Boesiger P, Vaughan J, Ugurbil K. 2005. Transmit and receive transmission line arrays for 7 tesla parallel imaging. Magn Reson Med 53:434–445.
Vaughan J, Adriany G, Ugurbil K, Andersen P, Strupp J [University of Minnesota, assignee]. 2005. Parallel transceiver for nuclear magnetic resonance system. US Patent Application 0050116715.
Bomsdorf H, Helzel T, Kunz D, Roschmann P, Tschendel O, Wieland J. 1988. Spectroscopy and imaging with a 4 tesla whole-body MR system. NMR Biomed 1:151.
Collins C, Li S, Smith M. 1998. SAR and B1 field distributions in a heterogeneous human head model within a birdcage coil. Magn Reson Med 40:1–10.
Ibrahim T, Lee R, Abduljalil A, Baertlein B, Robitaille PML. 2001. Dielectric resonances and B1 field inhomogeneity in UHFMRI: computational analysis and experimental findings. Magn Reson Imag 19:219–226.
Van de Mortele P-F, Akgun C, Adriany G, Moeller S, Ritter J, Collins C, Smith M, Vaughan J, Ugurbil K. 2005. B1 destructive interferences and spatial phase patterns at 7 tesla with a head transceiver array coil. Magn Reson Med. In press.
Ibrahim TS, Lee R, Robitaille PML. 2001. Effect of RF coil excitation on field inhomogeneity at ultra-high fields: a field optimized TEM resonator. Magn Reson Imag 19:1339–1347.
Vaughan J, Myer D. 2005. Parallel transceiver. New York, Minneapolis: Collaboration CPC, Bioengineering Inc.
Vaughan J, DelaBarre L, Snyder C, Adriany G, Collins C, Van de Mortele P-F, Ritter J, Strupp J, Andersen P, Tian J, Smith M, Ugurbil K. 2005. RF image optimization at 7T and 9.4T. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med 953.
Vaughan J [University of Alabama Birmingham, assignee]. 1996. High frequency volume coils for nuclear magnetic resonance applications. US Patent 5557247.
Vaughan J, Adriany G, Garwood M, Yacoub E, Duong T, DelaBarre L, Andersen P, Ugurbil K. 2002. A detunable transverse electromagnetic (TEM) volume coil for high field NMR. Magn Reson Med 47:990–1000.
Barberi E, Gati J, Rutt B, Menon R. 2000. A transmit-only/recieve-only (TORO) RF system for high field MRI/MRS applications. Magn Reson Med 43:284–289.
Adriany G, Ritter J, Van de Mortele P-F, Moeller S, Snyder C, Voje B, Vaughan J, Ugurbil K. 2005. A geometrically adjustable 16 channel transceive transmission line array for 7 tesla. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med 673.
Vaughan J, Garwood M, Ugurbil K. 2001. Volume coils for highest field MRI. IEEE Trans Ant Prop Soc Int Symp 1:378–381.
Vaughan J. 2005. How to do RF at high fields. Proc Int Soc Magn Reson Med 10.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Vaughan, J.T. (2006). Ultra High Field MRI: High-Frequency Coils. In: Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 26. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49648-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49648-1_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-34231-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-49648-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)