Abstract
The increasing appreciation of neuroradiologists, other healthcare professionals, neuroscientists, and cognitive scientists for the exquisite detail of anatomical, physiological, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the human brain has encouraged increasing use of MRI in medical care and research. As MRI has no adverse biological effects when performed within FDA guidelines, longitudinal studies of development and aging and detailed studies through repetitive measurements on single subjects can be undertaken with insignificant risk. Scanner performance for clinical MR scanners has been enhanced as field strengths have migrated upward to 3.0 Tesla. It is appropriate to consider the technical challenges of further improving sensitivity by moving from 3.0 to 9.4T, the highest magnetic field scanner now available for human MRI that became operational in 2004.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
6. References
Thulborn KR, Voyvodic J, Chang S, Strojwas M, Sweeney JA. 1998. New approaches to cognitive function by high field functional MRI. In Current progress in functional. brain mapping: science and applications, pp. 15–23. Ed T Yuasa, JW Prichard, S Ogawa. Niigata/London: Nishimura/Smith-Gordon.
Thulborn KR. 1999. Why neuroradiologists should consider very high field magnets for clinical applications of fMRI. Top Magn Reson Imag 10:1–2.
Thulborn KR. 1999. Clinical rationale for very high field (3.0 Tesla) functional MR imaging. Top Magn Reson Imag 10:37–50.
Thulborn KR, Davis D. 2001. Clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In Current protocols in MRI, Ed EM Haacke. New York: Wiley.
Thulborn KR, Gisbert A. 2001. Clinical applications of mapping neurocognitive processes in the human brain with functional MRI. In Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain: methods for neuroscience, pp. 329–350. Ed PM Matthews, P Jezzard, SM Smith. Oxford: Oxford UP.
Thulborn KR. 2001. “Clinical fMRI”. In Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and spine, pp. 1973–1992. Ed SW Atlas. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkens.
Thulborn KR, Shobat DM. 2003. Functional MRI moves into clinical service. Advanced MR: Diagnostic Imaging Supplement. October.
Ugurbil K, Garwood, Ellermann J, Hendrich K, Hinke R, Hu X, Kim S, Menon R, Merkle H, Ogawa S, Salmi R. 1993. Imaging at high magnetic fields: Initial experiences at 4 T. Magn Reson Q 9(4):259–277.
Robitaille PML, Warner R, Jagadeesh J, Abduljalil AM, Kangarlu A, Burgess RE, Yu Y, Yang L, Zhu H, Jiang Z, Bailey RE, Chung W, Somawiharja Y, Feynan P, Rayner DL. 1999. Design and assembly of an 8 Tesla whole-body MR scanner. J Comput Assist. Tomogr 23:808–820.
Wiggins GC, Potthast A, Triantafyllou C, Wiggins CJ, Wald LL. 2005. Eight-channel phased array coil and detunable TEM volume coil for 7T brain imaging. Magn Reson Med 54(1):235–240.
Wald LL, Wiggins CG, Potthast A, Wiggins CJ, Triantafyllou C. 2005. Design considerations and coil comparisons for 7 Tesla brain imaging. Appl Magn Reson In press.
Triantafyllou C, Hoge RD, Krueger G, Wiggins CJ, Potthast A, Wiggins GC, Wald LL. 2005. Comparison of physiological noise at 1.5T, 3T and 7T and optimization of fMRI acquisition parameters. NeuroImage 26(1):243–250.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thulborn, K.R. (2006). The Challenges of Integrating A 9.4T MR Scanner for Human Brain Imaging. In: Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 26. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49648-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49648-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Boston, MA
Print ISBN: 978-0-387-34231-3
Online ISBN: 978-0-387-49648-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)