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High Magnetic Fields for Imaging Cerebral Morphology, Function, and Biochemistry

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Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Part of the book series: Biological Magnetic Resonance ((BIMR,volume 26))

Abstract

In the last two decades, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) instruments operating at a magnetic field strength of 1.5 Tesla have emerged as the most commonly employed high-end platform for clinical diagnosis. Despite the dominant position enjoyed by this field strength, even its promotion as the “optimum” field to work for human applications, the late 1980s witnessed the beginnings of an interest in substantially higher magnetic fields. After brief and cursory explorations, however, high field strengths were virtually abandoned by industry leaders while their efforts were focused on further refinements of the 1.5T or even lower field platforms. Nevertheless, a handful of 3 and 4-Tesla instruments were established in academic research laboratories by about 1990. Since these early beginnings, work conducted in these academic sites has demonstrated that magnetic fields substantially beyond 1.5 Tesla provide numerous advantages in aspects of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRS) applications in humans, even though such high fields also pose serious challenges. In considering these accomplishments, however, it is imperative to recognize that, to date, virtually all of the research at high magnetic fields, especially at field strengths greater than 3 Tesla, has been carried out only in a few laboratories and using instruments that are definitely far less than optimized; as such, the amount of man-hours and talent dedicated to this effort has been minuscule compared to the clinical uses of MR and, even then, this effort has been hampered by suboptimal instrumentation. Therefore, any positive conclusions obtained thus far, and there are many, can only be interpreted as harbingers of potential gains and definitely not as what can be ultimately achieved.

after the first, authors listed in alphabetical order

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  1. Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, 2021 Sixth Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-3007, USA

    Kâmil Uğurbil PhD, Gregor Adriany PhD, Can Akgün PhD, Peter Andersen PhD, Wei Chen PhD, Michael Garwood PhD, Pierre-Gilles Henry PhD, Malgorzata Marjanska PhD, Steen Moeller PhD, Pierre-François Van de Moortele PhD, Ivan Tkac PhD, J. Thomas Vaughan PhD, Florian Wiesinger PhD, Essa Yacoub PhD & Xiao-Hong Zhu PhD

  2. EPFL SB IPMC LIFMET, PH D2 455 (Batiment H), Station 3, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Rolf Gruetter PhD

  3. Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Gloriastrasse-35, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Klaas Prüssmann PhD

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Uğurbil, K. et al. (2006). High Magnetic Fields for Imaging Cerebral Morphology, Function, and Biochemistry. In: Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biological Magnetic Resonance, vol 26. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-49648-1_10

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