Skip to main content

An MTBDD-Based Implementation of Forward Reachability for Probabilistic Timed Automata

  • Conference paper
Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis (ATVA 2005)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 3707))

Abstract

Multi-Terminal Binary Decision Diagrams (MTBDDs) have been successfully applied in symbolic model checking of probabilistic systems. In this paper we propose an encoding method for Probabilistic Timed Automata (PTA) based on MTBDDs. The timing information is encoded via placeholders stored in the MTBDDs that are independent of how the timing information is represented. Using the Colorado University Decision Diagrams (CUDD) package, an experimental model checker is implemented, which supports probabilistic reachability model checking via the forward algorithm. We use Difference Bound Matrices (DBMs) and Difference Decision Diagrams (DDDs) for representing timing information and present experimental results on three case studies. Our key contribution is a general placeholder encoding method for Probabilistic Timed Automata and an experimental MTBDD-based model checker which has been partly integrated with PRISM. This is the first symbolic implementation of the forward probabilistic reachability algorithm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. PRISM WebSite, http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~dxp/prism/

  2. Behrmann, G., Larsen, K.G., Pearson, J., Weise, C., Yi, W.: Efficient timed reachability analysis using clock difference diagrams. In: Halbwachs, N., Peled, D.A. (eds.) CAV 1999. LNCS, vol. 1633, pp. 341–353. Springer, Heidelberg (1999)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  3. Bengtsson, J., Griffioen, W., Kristoffersen, K., Larsen, K., Larsson, F., Pettersson, P., Yi, W.: Automated verification of an audio-control protocol using UPPAAL. Journal of Logic and Algebric Programming 52(3), 163–181 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Bengtsson, J., Yi, W.: Timed automata: Semantics, algorithms and tools. In: Desel, J., Reisig, W., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Lectures on Concurrency and Petri Nets. LNCS, vol. 3098, pp. 87–124. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  5. Bouajjani, A., Tripakis, S., Yovine, S.: On-the-fly symbolic model checking for real-time systems. In: Proc. 18TH IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium, pp. 25–34. IEEE CS Press, Los Alamitos (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bozga, M., Daws, C., Maler, O., Olivero, A., Tripakis, S., Yovine, S.: Kronos: A model-checking tool for real-time systems. In: Y. Vardi, M. (ed.) CAV 1998. LNCS, vol. 1427, pp. 546–550. Springer, Heidelberg (1998)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Bryant, R.E.: Graph-based algorithms for Boolean function manipulation. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-35(8), 677–691 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Clarke, E., Fujita, M., McGeer, P., McMillan, K., Yang, J., Zhao, X.: Multi-terminal binary decision diagrams: An efficient data structure for matrix representation. In: Proc. IWLS 1993, pp. 1–15 (1993); Also available in Formal Methods in System Design 10(2/3), 149–169 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Daws, C., Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G.: Automatic verification of the IEEE 1394 root contention protocol with KRONOS and PRISM. In: Proc. 7th FMICS 2002. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 66(2). Elsevier, Amsterdam (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  10. de Alfaro, L., Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D., Segala, R.: Symbolic model checking of concurrent probabilistic processes using MTBDDs and the Kronecker representation. In: Schwartzbach, M.I., Graf, S. (eds.) TACAS 2000. LNCS, vol. 1785, pp. 395–410. Springer, Heidelberg (2000)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  11. Hermanns, H., Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D., Siegle, M.: On the use of MTBDDs for performability analysis and verification of stochastic systems. Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming 56(1-2), 23–67 (2003)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D.: Probabilistic symbolic model checking with PRISM: A hybrid approach. In: Katoen, J.-P., Stevens, P. (eds.) TACAS 2002. LNCS, vol. 2280, pp. 52–66. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Parker, D., Sproston, J.: Performance analysis of probabilistic timed automata using digital clocks. In: Larsen, K.G., Niebert, P. (eds.) FORMATS 2003. LNCS, vol. 2791, pp. 105–120. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  14. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Segala, R., Sproston, J.: Automatic verification of real-time systems with discrete probability distributions. Theoretical Computer Science 282, 101–150 (2002)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Sproston, J.: Probabilistic model checking of deadline properties in the IEEE 1394 FireWire root contention protocol. Special Issue of Formal Aspects of Computing 14, 295–318 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kwiatkowska, M., Norman, G., Sproston, J., Wang, F.: Symbolic model checking for probabilistic timed automata. In: Lakhnech, Y., Yovine, S. (eds.) FORMATS 2004 and FTRTFT 2004. LNCS, vol. 3253, pp. 293–308. Springer, Heidelberg (2004)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  17. Møller, J., Lichtenberg, J., Andersen, H.R., Hulgaard, H.: Fully symbolic model checking of timed systems using difference decision diagrams. In: Workshop on Symbolic Model Checking, The IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark, June 1999, vol. 23 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Seshia, S.A., Bryant, R.E.: A boolean approach to unbounded, fully symbolic model checking of timed automata. Technical Report CMU-CS-03-117, Carnegie Mellon University (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Somenzi, F.: CUDD: CU Decision Diagram Package Release (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Wang, F.: Efficient verification of timed automata with BDD-like data-structures. In: Zuck, L.D., Attie, P.C., Cortesi, A., Mukhopadhyay, S. (eds.) VMCAI 2003. LNCS, vol. 2575, pp. 189–205. Springer, Heidelberg (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2005 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Wang, F., Kwiatkowska, M. (2005). An MTBDD-Based Implementation of Forward Reachability for Probabilistic Timed Automata. In: Peled, D.A., Tsay, YK. (eds) Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis. ATVA 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 3707. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11562948_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/11562948_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-29209-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-31969-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics