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Cost-Effectiveness of Proton Pump Inhibitor Co-Therapy in Patients Taking Aspirin for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke

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Abstract

Background

Low-dose aspirin (ASA) is effective for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke but can increase the risks of hemorrhagic stroke, upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), and dyspepsia. Prophylactic administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduces the risks of these digestive symptoms. We investigated the cost effectiveness of adding a PPI to ASA therapy for ischemic stroke patients in Japan.

Methods

A Markov state-transition model was developed to compare the cost effectiveness of ASA monotherapy with ASA plus PPI co-therapy in patients with histories of upper gastrointestinal ulcers and ischemic stroke. The model takes into account ASA adherence rate and adverse effects due to ASA, including hemorrhagic stroke and UGIB. The analysis was performed from the perspective of healthcare payers in 2013.

Results

In the base case, total life-years by PPI co-therapy and monotherapy were 16.005 and 15.932, respectively. The difference in duration of no therapy (no ASA or PPI) between the therapies was 558.5 days, which would prevent 30.3 recurrences of ischemic stroke per 1000 person-years. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of PPI co-therapy relative to monotherapy was ¥1,191,665 (US$11,458) per life-year gained. In a one-way sensitivity analysis, PPI co-therapy was consistently cost effective at a willingness to pay of ¥5,000,000 (US$48,077) per life-year gained. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, the probability that PPI co-therapy was cost effective was 89.74 % at the willingness to pay.

Conclusions

Co-therapy with ASA plus PPI appears to be cost-effective compared with ASA monotherapy. The addition of PPI also appeared to prolong the duration of ASA therapy, thereby reducing the risk of ischemic stroke.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Y. Ezoe from the Department of Therapeutic Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, for valuable comments.

The authors received no grant support for this study.

Conflict of interest

NT is an employee of Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. KM and ST have no personal interests to declare. KK has received research funding from Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Bayer, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Olympus, and Stella Pharma; honorariums from Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan Inc., Novartis Pharmaceutical K.K., Astra Zeneca, CSL Behring, MSD, Shionogi Pharmaceuticals, Takeda; and consultancy fees from Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Olympus, Kaken Pharmaceutical, Advanced Medicalcare, and Otsuka Pharmaceuticals.

Author contributions

NT, KM, and KK contributed to the concept and design. NT contributed to acquisition of data. NT, KM, and ST contributed to analysis and interpretation of data. NT, KM, ST, and KK contributed to the writing of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. KK is the guarantor of the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Nobuyoshi Takabayashi, Kyoko Murata, Shiro Tanaka & Koji Kawakami

  2. Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Limited, Osaka, Japan

    Nobuyoshi Takabayashi

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  1. Nobuyoshi Takabayashi
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  2. Kyoko Murata
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Correspondence to Koji Kawakami.

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Takabayashi, N., Murata, K., Tanaka, S. et al. Cost-Effectiveness of Proton Pump Inhibitor Co-Therapy in Patients Taking Aspirin for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke. PharmacoEconomics 33, 1091–1100 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-015-0289-4

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