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Anthracycline- and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity: a retrospective study

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Abstract

Some chemotherapeutic agents cause cardiotoxic effects including reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and occasionally congestive heart failure. Anthracyclines and HER2 monoclonal antibodies are common offenders, but clinical practice data on LVEF changes, risk factors and acute recovery is lacking. We retrospectively examined the electronic medical record at an academic medical center for receipt of anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab from 2000 to 2013 in cancer patients. Patient characteristics and serial LVEF assessments were collected. Patients with and without LVEF decline were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis. A total of 549 patients were identified with anthracycline/trastuzumab use and 216 had multiple LVEF assessments. Only 27 of the 216 patients who had multiple LVEF assessments at multiple occasions suffered a clinically significant LVEF fall (12.5 %), and symptomatic CHF was rare (0.5 %). Compared to unaffected patients, those with a fall in LVEF were more likely to have hypertension, hyperlipidemia or coronary artery disease (CAD). Concomitant trastuzumab and anthracycline use was a risk factor (36 vs 9.5 % for anthracycline alone, p < 0.001). The median time from start of chemotherapy to reduced LVEF was 202 days (5-3008). On multivariate analysis, hypertension and use of trastuzumab remained independent predictors of LVEF fall. Acute recovery in LVEF was observed in 44 % of patients. LVEF changes from cancer therapies are frequent and hard to predict. Hypertension, hyperlipidemia and CAD are associated with LVEF decline. Acute recovery of LVEF is observed in those experiencing treatment-related cardiotoxicity. Attention to timely interruption of cardiotoxic chemo is recommended.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UVA Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Virginia, UVA Box 800716, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA

    Yasmin Hamirani, Ibrahim Fanous, Christopher M. Kramer, Andrew Wong, Michael Salerno & Patrick Dillon

Authors
  1. Yasmin Hamirani
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  2. Ibrahim Fanous
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  3. Christopher M. Kramer
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  4. Andrew Wong
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  5. Michael Salerno
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  6. Patrick Dillon
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Correspondence to Patrick Dillon.

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Institutional Review Board approval of this retrospective database review was obtained from the University of Virginia.

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The authors disclose no conflict of interest related to this work.

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Hamirani, Y., Fanous, I., Kramer, C.M. et al. Anthracycline- and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity: a retrospective study. Med Oncol 33, 82 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-016-0797-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-016-0797-x

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