Abstract
Surfactant adsorption onto solid surfaces is a major issue during surfactant flooding in enhanced oil recovery applications; it decreases the effectiveness of the chemical injection making the process uneconomical. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the adsorption of surfactant onto solid surfaces could be inhibited using a surfactant delivery system based on the complexation between the hydrophobic tail of anionic surfactants and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to confirm the complexation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)/β-CD. Surface tension analysis was used to establish the stoichiometry of the complexation and the binding constant (K a). Static adsorption testing was applied to determine the adsorption of surfactant onto different solids (sandstone, shale, and kaolinite). The release of the surfactant from the β-CD cavity was qualitatively evaluated through bottle testing. The formation of the inclusion complex SDS/β-CD with a 1:1 stoichiometry was confirmed. The K a of the complexations increases as salinity and hardness concentration increases. The encapsulation of the surfactant into the β-CD cavity decreases the adsorption of surfactant onto solid surfaces up to 79 %. Qualitative observations indicate that in the presence of solid adsorbents partially saturated with crude oil, the β-CD cavity releases surfactant molecules, which migrate towards the oil–water interface.
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Abbreviations
- CD:
-
Cyclodextrin
- CMC:
-
Critical micelle concentration
- CMC*:
-
Apparent critical micelle concentration
- DW:
-
Distilled water
- EOR:
-
Enhanced oil recovery
- 1H NMR:
-
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance
- SDS:
-
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
- ST:
-
Surface tension
- STDEVA:
-
Standard deviation
- TDS:
-
Total dissolved solids
- TOC:
-
Total organic carbon
- α-CD:
-
Alpha-cyclodextrin
- β-CD:
-
Beta-cyclodextrin
- γ-CD:
-
Gamma-cyclodextrin
- δ :
-
Chemical shift
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Larry Calhoun, Chemistry Department, University of New Brunswick for his contributions with the NMR analysis. The financial support provided to this research by the Chemical Engineering Department at the University of New Brunswick, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) is also gratefully acknowledged.
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Kittisrisawai, S., Romero-Zerón, L.B. Complexation of Surfactant/β-Cyclodextrin to Inhibit Surfactant Adsorption onto Sand, Kaolin, and Shale for Applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes. Part I: Static Adsorption Analysis. J Surfact Deterg 18, 603–613 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-015-1688-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11743-015-1688-4