Skip to main content
Log in

Case-studies on exploiting explicit customer requirements in recommender systems

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recommender Systems (RS) suggest useful and interesting items to users in order to increase user satisfaction and online conversion rates. They typically exploit explicit or implicit user feedback such as ratings, buying records or clickstream data and apply statistical methods to derive recommendations. This paper focuses on explicitly formulated customer requirements as the sole type of user feedback. Its contribution lies in comparing different techniques such as knowledge- and utility-based methods, collaborative filtering, association rule mining as well as hybrid variants when user models consist solely of explicit customer requirements. We examine how this type of user feedback can be exploited for personalization in e-commerce scenarios. Furthermore, examples of actual online shops are developed where such contextual user information is available, demonstrating how more efficient RS configurations can be implemented. Results indicate that, especially for new users, explicit customer requirements are a useful source of feedback for personalization and hybrid configurations of collaborative and knowledge-based techniques achieve best results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adomavicius G., Tuzhilin A.: Using data mining methods to build customer profiles. Computer 34(2), 74–82 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adomavicius G., Tuzhilin A.: Towards the next generation of recommender systems: a survey of the state-of-the-art and possible extensions. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 17(6), 734–749 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adomavicius G., Sankaranarayanan R., Sen S., Tuzhilin A.: Incorporating contextual information in recommender systems using a multidimensional approach. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 23(1), 103–145 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, R., Imielinski, T., Swami, A.: Mining association rules between sets of items in large databases. In: ACM SIGMOD Conference on Management of Data, pp. 207–216. Washington, DC, USA (1993)

  • Ardissono L., Goy A.: Tailoring the interaction with users inweb stores. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 10(4), 251–303 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balabanovic, M.: An adaptive web page recommendation service. In: 1st International Conference on Autonomous Agents, pp. 378–385. Marina del Rey, CA, USA (1997)

  • Balabanovic M., Shoham Y.: Fab: content-based, collaborative recommendation. Commun. ACM 40(3), 66–72 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basilico, J., Hofmann, T.: Unifying collaborative and content-based filtering. In: 21st International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), pp. 9–16. ACM Press, Banff, Alberta, Canada (2004)

  • Berkovsky S., Kuflik T., Ricci F.: Mediation of user models for enhanced personalization in recommender systems. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 18(3), 245–286 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Breese, J., Heckerman, D., Kadie, C.: Empirical analysis of predictive algorithms for collaborative filtering. In: 14th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, pp. 43–52. Madison, Wisonsin, USA (1998)

  • Burke R.: Knowledge-based recommender systems. Encyclopedia Libr. Inf. Syst. 69(2), 180–200 (2000a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Burke, R.: The wasabi personal shopper: a case-based recommender system. In: 11th Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI), pp. 844–849. AAAI, Trento, IT (2000b)

  • Burke R.: Hybrid recommender systems: survey and experiments. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 12(4), 331–370 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chu-Carrol, J., Carberry, S.: A plan-based model for response generation in collaborative task-oriented dialogues. In: 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), pp. 799–805. Seattle, WA, USA (1994)

  • Demiriz A.: Enhancing product recommender systems on sparse binary data. Data Min. Knowl. Discov. 9(2), 147–170 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Elzer, S., Chu-Carroll, J., Carberry, S.: Recognizing and utilizing user preferences in collaborative consultation dialogues. In: 4th International Conference on User Modeling (UM), pp. 19–24. Hyannis, MA, USA (1994)

  • Felfernig A., Friedrich G., Jannach D., Zanker M.: An integrated environment for the development of knowledge-based recommender applications. Int. J. Electron. Commerce 11(2), 11–34 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felfernig, A., Kiener, A.: Knowledge-based interactive selling of financial services using FSAdvisor. In: 17th Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence Conference (IAAI), pp. 1475–1482. AAAI Press, Pittsburgh, PA, USA (2005)

  • Fogg B.J.: Persuasive technologies. Commun. ACM 42(5), 27–29 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frakes, W.B., Baeza-Yates, R. (eds.): Information Retrieval, Data Structure and Algorithms. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldberg K., Roeder T. Gupta D., Perkins C.: Eigentaste: a constant time collaborative filtering algorithm. Inf. Retr. 4(2), 133–151 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Goy A., Ardissono L., Petrone G.: Personalization in e-commerce applications. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W.(eds) The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, pp. 485–520. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gretzel U., Fesenmaier D.R.: Persuasion in recommender systems. Int. J. Electron. Commerce 11(2), 81–100 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, T., Carberry, S., Decker, K.: Tailored responses for decision support. In: 10th International Conference on User Modeling (UM), pp. 164–168. Edinburgh, Scotland (2005)

  • Herlocker, J., Konstan, J., Borchers, A., Riedl, J.: An algorithmic frame-work for performing collaborative filtering. In: 22nd International ACM Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), pp. 230–237. Berkeley, CA, USA (1999)

  • Herlocker J.L., Konstan J.A., Terveen L.G., Riedl J.T.: Evaluating collaborative filtering recommender systems. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 22(1), 5–53 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jannach, D.: Advisor suite - a knowledge-based sales advisory system. In: Lopez de Mantaras L.S. (ed.): 16th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence - Prestigious Applications of AI (PAIS), pp. 720–724. IOS Press (2004)

  • Jannach, D.: Finding preferred query relaxations in content-based recommenders. In: IEEE Intelligent Systems Conference (IS), pp. 355–360. IEEE Press, Westminster, UK (2006a)

  • Jannach, D.: Techniques for fast query relaxation in content-based recommender systems. In: 29th German Conference on Artificial Intelligence, pp. 49–63. Springer, Bremen, Germany. (2006b)

  • Jannach, D., Kreutler, G.: A knowledge-based framework for the rapid development of conversational recommenders. In: 5th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering (WISE), vol. LNCS 3306, pp. 390–402. Springer, Brisbane, Australia (2004)

  • Jannach, D., Kreutler, G.: Personalized user preference elicitation for e services. In: IEEE International Conference on e-Technology, e-Commerce and e-Service (EEE), pp. 604–611. Hong Kong (2005)

  • Konstan J.A., Miller B.N., Maltz J., Herlocker D., Gordon L.R., Riedl J.: GroupLens: applying collaborative filtering to usenet news. Commun. ACM 40(3), 77–87 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linden, G., Hanks, S., Lesh, N.: Interactive assessment of user preference models: the automated travel assistant. In: 6th International Conference on User Modeling (UM), pp. 67–78. Chia Laguna, Sardinia, Italy (1997)

  • Linden G., Smith B., York J.: Amazon.com recommendations – item-to-item collaborative filtering. IEEE Intern. Comput. 7(1), 76–80 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGinty L., Smyth B.: Adaptive selection: an analysis of critiquing and preference-based feedback in conversational recommender systems. Int. J. Electron. Commerce 11(2), 35–57 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mirzadeh, N., Ricci, F., Bansal, M.: Supporting user query relaxation in a recommender system. In: 5th International Conference on E-Commerce and Web Technologies (EC-Web), pp. 31–40. Springer, Zaragoza, Spain (2004)

  • Mobasher B.: Data mining for web personalization. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W.(eds) The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, pp. 90–135. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mobasher B., Cooley J., Srivastava R.: Automatic personalization based on Web usage mining. Commun. ACM 43(8), 142–151 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pazzani M.: A framework for collaborative, content-based and demographic filtering. Artif. Intell. Rev. 13(5/6), 393–408 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pazzani M.J., Billsus D.: Content-based recommendation systems. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W.(eds) The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, pp. 325–341. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierrakos D., Paliouras G., Papatheodorou C., Spyropoulos C.D.: Web usage mining as a tool for personalization: a survey. User Model. User-Adapt. Interact. 13(4), 311–372 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pu P., Faltings B.: Decision tradeoff using example-critiquing and constraint programming. Constraints 9, 289–310 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rafter R., Smyth B.: Conversational collaborative recommendation an experimental analysis. Artif. Intell. Rev. 24(3–4), 301–318 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly J., McCarthy K., McGinty L., Smyth B.: Incremental critiquing. Knowl-Based Syst. 18, 143–151 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reilly, J., Zhang, J., McGinty, L., Pu, P., Smyth, B.: Evaluating compound critiquing recommenders: a real-user study. In: 8th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce, pp. 114–123. ACM Press, San Diego, California, USA (2007)

  • Resnick, P., Iacovou, N., Suchak, N., Bergstrom, P., Riedl, J.: GroupLens: an open architecture for collaborative filtering of netnews. In: Computer Supported Collaborative Work (CSCW), pp. 175–186. Chapel Hill, NC, USA (1994)

  • Ricci F.: Travel recommender systems. IEEE Intell. Syst. 17(6), 55–57 (2002)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Ricci F., Werthner H.: Case base querying for travel planning recommendation. Inf. Technol. Tourism 3, 215–266 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ricci, F., Venturini, A., Cavada, D., Mirzadeh, N., Blaas, D., Nones, M.: Product recommendation with interactive query management and twofold similarity. In: 5th International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning, pp. 479–493. Springer, Trondheim, Norway (2003)

  • Riedl J., Konstan J., Vrooman E.: Word of Mouse: The Marketing Power of Collaborative Filtering. Warner Books, New York (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sacco G.M.: Dynamic taxonomies: a model for large information bases. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 12(3), 468–479 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarwar, B., Karypis, G., Konstan, J., Riedl, J.: Analysis of recommendation algorithms for E-Commerce. In: ACM Conference on E-Commerce (EC), pp. 158–167. Minneapolis, MN, USA (2000)

  • Sarwar, B., Karypis, G., Konstan, J. Riedl, J.: Item-based collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms. In: 10th International World Wide Web Conference, pp. 285–295. Hong Kong (2001)

  • Schafer J.B., Frankowski D., Sen J.H.S.: Collaborative filtering recommender systems. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W.(eds) The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, pp. 291–324. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schein, A.I., Popescul, A., Pennock, D.M., Ungar, L.H.: Methods and metrics for cold-start recommendations. In: 25th International Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR), pp. 253–260. ACM, Tampere, Finland (2002)

  • Shardanand, U., Maes, P.: Social information filtering: algorithms for automating word of mouth. In: International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 210–217. Denver, CO, USA (1995)

  • Shimazu, H.: Expert clerk: navigating shoppers’ buying process with the combination of asking and proposing. In: 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), pp. 1443–1448. Seattle, WA, USA (2001)

  • Smyth B.: Case-based recommendation. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W.(eds) The Adaptive Web: Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization, pp. 342–376. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Smyth B., Cotter P.: Personalized electronic program guides for digital TV. AI Magazine 22(2), 89–98 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Torrens M., Faltings B., Pu P.: SmartClients: constraint satisfaction as a paradigm for scaleable intelligent information systems. Constraints 7, 49–69 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Viappiani P., Faltings B., Pu P.: Preference-based search using example-critiquing with suggestions. Artif Intell Res 27, 465–503 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • von Winterfeldt D., Edwards W.: Decision Analysis and Behavioral Research. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wasfi, A.M.A.: Collecting user access patterns for building user profiles and collaborative filtering. In: 4th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI), pp. 57–64. ACM Press, Los Angeles, CA, USA (1999)

  • Witten I.H., Frank E.: Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2005)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Zanker, M., Bricman, M., Gordea, S., Jannach, D., Jessenitschnig, M.: Persuasive online-selling in quality & taste domains. In: 7th International Conference on Electronic Commerce and Web Technologies (EC-Web), pp. 51–60. Springer, Krakow, Poland (2006)

  • Zanker M., Jessenitschnig M., Jannach D., Gordea S.: Comparing recommendation strategies in a commercial context. IEEE Intell. Syst. 22(5/6), 69–73 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Markus Zanker.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zanker, M., Jessenitschnig, M. Case-studies on exploiting explicit customer requirements in recommender systems. User Model User-Adap Inter 19, 133–166 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-008-9048-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11257-008-9048-y

Keywords

Navigation