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Cloning and functional characterization of two abiotic stress-responsive Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) fructan 1-exohydrolases (1-FEHs)

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Abstract

Two fructan hydrolases were previously reported to exist in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) and one native fructan-β-fructosidase (1-FEH) was purified to homogeneity by SDS-PAGE, but no corresponding cDNA was cloned. Here, we cloned two full-length 1-FEH cDNA sequences from Jerusalem artichoke, named Ht1-FEH I and Ht1-FEH II, which showed high levels of identity with chicory 1-FEH I and 1-FEH II. Functional characterization of the corresponding recombinant proteins in Pichia pastoris X-33 demonstrated that both Ht1-FEHs had high levels of hydrolase activity towards β(2,1)-linked fructans, but low or no activity towards β(2,6)-linked levan and sucrose. Like other plant FEHs, the activities of the recombinant Ht1-FEHs were greatly inhibited by sucrose. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that Ht1-FEH I transcripts accumulated to high levels in the developing leaves and stems of artichoke, whereas the expression levels of Ht1-FEH II increased in tubers during tuber sprouting, which implies that the two Ht1-FEHs play different roles. The levels of both Ht1-FEH I and II transcript were significantly increased in the stems of NaCl-treated plants. NaCl treatment also induced transcription of both Ht1-FEHs in the tubers, while PEG treatments slightly inhibited the expression of Ht1-FEH II in tubers. Analysis of sugar-metabolizing enzyme activities and carbohydrate concentration via HPLC showed that the enzyme activities of 1-FEHs were increased but the fructose content was decreased under NaCl and PEG treatments. Given that FEH hydrolyzes fructan to yield Fru, we discuss possible explanations for the inconsistency between 1-FEH activity and fructan dynamics in artichokes subjected to abiotic stress.

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Abbreviations

1-FFT:

Fructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase

1F-F:

1F-Fructofuranosylnystose

1-SST:

Sucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase

1-K:

1-Kestose

6G-FFT:

Fructan:fructan 6G-fructosyltransferase

6-SFT:

Sucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase

CK:

Control

DP:

Degree of polymerization

DW:

Dry weight

FEH:

Fructan exohydrolase

FW:

Fresh weight

Fru:

Fructose

Glc:

Glucose

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

INV:

Invertase

LC–MS:

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Nys:

Nystose

qPCR:

Quantitative PCR

RT-PCR:

Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction

Suc:

Sucrose

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Acknowledgments

We thank Kathleen Farquharson for valuable comments on the manuscript revision. This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31201842), the National High Technology Research and Development Program (“863”Program, 2011AA100209), the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120097120015), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (KYZ201206), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (RAPD program, 809001), and the Scientific Research Foundation of the State Human Resource Ministry.

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  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Tongwei Road 6, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Huanhuan Xu, Mingxiang Liang, Li Xu, Hui Li, Xi Zhang, Jian Kang & Haiyan Zhao

  2. Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China

    Huanhuan Xu, Mingxiang Liang, Hui Li, Xi Zhang & Jian Kang

  3. Pharmacy College, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, People’s Republic of China

    Qingxin Zhao

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  1. Huanhuan Xu
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Xu, H., Liang, M., Xu, L. et al. Cloning and functional characterization of two abiotic stress-responsive Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) fructan 1-exohydrolases (1-FEHs). Plant Mol Biol 87, 81–98 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-014-0262-1

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