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Heterologous expression of an RNA-binding protein affects flowering time as well as other developmental processes in Solanaceae

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Abstract

Flowering time in members of the Solanaceae plant family, such as pepper (Capsicum spp.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), is an important agronomic trait for controlling shoot architecture and improving yield. To investigate the feasibility of flowering time regulation in tomato, an RNA-binding protein (RBP) encoding gene homologous to human Nucleolar protein interacting with the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of pKI-67 (NIFK), CaRBP, was isolated from hot pepper. The function of CaRBP was determined in transgenic tomato. The deduced amino acid sequence includes an RNA recognition motif (RRM) and showed most similarity to the RRM present in a putative RBP encoded by human NIFK. CaRBP was highly expressed in the vegetative and reproductive tissues, such as leaves and fruits, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that CaRBP is a nucleolar protein. Heterologous expression of CaRBP under 35S promoter in tomato plants induced severe alteration of flowering with additional defects of vegetative organs. This floral retardation was associated with the alteration of SFT/SP3D and SlSOC1s as floral integrators. Furthermore, CaRBP reduces the expression levels of SlCOLs/TCOLs via changes in the expression of SlCDF3, SlFBHs, and SlFKF1s. This indicates a repressive effect of CaRBP on the regulation of flowering time in tomato. Overall, these results suggest that alteration in CaRBP expression levels may provide an effective means of controlling flowering time in day-neutral Solanaceae.

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Abbreviations

CDFs:

Cycling Dof Factors

CO:

CONSTANS

COL:

CONSTANS-Like

FBH:

FLOWERING BHLH

FHA domain:

Forkhead-associated domain

FKF1:

FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1

FT:

FLOWERING LOCUS T

LD:

Long day

GI:

GIGANTEA

LFY:

LEAFY

NIFK:

Nucleolar protein interacting with the FHA domain of pKI-67

ORFs:

Open reading frames

PCR:

Polymerase chain reaction

RBP:

RNA-binding protein

RRM:

RNA recognition motif

RT-qPCR:

Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction

SAM:

Shoot apical meristem

SOC1:

SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1

SVP:

SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE

SFT:

SINGLE FLOWER TRUSS

SP:

SELF-PRUNING

TFL1:

TERMINAL FLOWER1

TSF:

TWIN SISTER OF FT

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the “Next-Generation BioGreen 21 Program of Rural Development Administration (PJ011246)” to YH Joung and the “Bio-industry Technology Development Program (111057-5, 312033-5) of iPET (Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry)” and “Framework of international cooperation program managed by National Research Foundation of Korea (2015K2A2A2001928)”  to S Lee.

Author contribution

YHJ and SL conceived and designed research. HMK, A-YL, SHP, and SHM conducted experiments. HMK, JHL, SL, and YHJ analyzed data. JHL, SL, and YHJ wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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    1. School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 500-757, South Korea

      Hyun Min Kim, Ah-Young Kim, Se Hee Park, Sang Hoon Ma & Young Hee Joung

    2. Department of Bioresource Engineering and Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-diong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea

      Jeong Hwan Lee & Sanghyeob Lee

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    Hyun Min Kim and Jeong Hwan Lee have contributed equally to this work.

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    Kim, H.M., Lee, J.H., Kim, AY. et al. Heterologous expression of an RNA-binding protein affects flowering time as well as other developmental processes in Solanaceae . Mol Breeding 36, 71 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-016-0494-7

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