Abstract
Nanocomposites based on chiral poly(ester-imide) (PEI) and different weight percentages of modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by solution mixing method. Carboxylated-MWCNTs were functionalized with riboflavin by an efficient, fast and simple strategy under microwave irradiation to improve interfacial interactions and dispersion of CNTs in a PEI matrix. The products were characterized for assessing the spectroscopic, thermal and morphological properties by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The TGA results of the obtained nanocomposites proved the enhancement in the thermal stability with an increase in the percentage of functionalized MWCNTs. Microscopic observations showed well-dispersed morphologies and efficient interaction between the functionalized MWCNTs and the polymer matrix.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56–58
Madni I, Hwang C-Y, Park S-D, Choa Y-H, Kim H-T (2010) Mixed surfactant system for stable suspension of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Colloid Surf A 358:101–107
Liu X-M, Dong Huang Z, Woon Oh S, Zhang B, Ma P-C, Yuen MM, Kim J-K (2012) Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based composites as electrode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries: a review. Compos Sci Technol 72:121–144
Gao C, Guo Z, Liu J-H, Huang X-J (2012) The new age of carbon nanotubes: an updated review of functionalized carbon nanotubes in electrochemical sensors. Nanoscale 4:1948–1963
Koohsorkhi J, Abdi Y, Mohajerzadeh S, Hosseinzadegan H, Komijani Y, Soleimani EA (2006) Fabrication of self-defined gated field emission devices on silicon substrates using PECVD-grown carbon nano-tubes. Carbon 44:2797–2803
Frackowiak E, Beguin F (2002) Electrochemical storage of energy in carbon nanotubes and nanostructured carbons. Carbon 40:1775–1787
Meng L, Zhang X, Lu Q, Fei Z, Dyson PJ (2012) Single walled carbon nanotubes as drug delivery vehicles: targeting doxorubicin to tumors. Biomaterials 33:1689–1698
Shabanian M, Faghihi K, Raeisi A, Varvanifarahani M, Khonakdar HA, Wagenknecht U (2014) New poly (ether-imide)/MWCNT nanocomposite. J Therm Anal Calorim 117:293–299
Kathi J, Rhee K-Y, Lee JH (2009) Effect of chemical functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane on mechanical and morphological properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Compos Part A-Appl S 40:800–809
Mallakpour S, Soltanian S (2014) Functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotube reinforced poly(ester-imide) bionanocomposites containing L-leucine amino acid units. J Polym Res 21:335–342
Mallakpour S, Soltanian S (2014) Studies on preparation and microstructure characterization of novel composites based on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and chiral poly (ester-imide) containing S-valine linkages. Polym-Plast Technol 53:1583–1589
Mallakpour S, Zadehnazari A (2013) The production of functionalized multiwall carbon nanotube/amino acid-based poly (amide–imide) composites containing a pendant dopamine moiety. Carbon 56:27–37
Mallakpour S, Zadehnazari A (2013) Effect of amino acid-functionalization on the interfacial adhesion and behavior of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/poly (amide-imide) nanocomposites containing thiazole side unit. J Polym Res 20:192–203
Mallakpour S, Zadehnazari A (2013) One-pot synthesis of glucose functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes: dispersion in hydroxylated poly (amide-imide) composites and their thermo-mechanical properties. Polymer 54:6329–6338
Gojny FH, Nastalczyk J, Roslaniec Z, Schulte K (2003) Surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes in CNT/epoxy-composites. Chem Phys Lett 370:820–824
Cui L-J, Wang Y-B, Xiu W-J, Wang W-Y, Xu L-H, Xu X-B, Meng Y, Li L-Y, Gao J, Chen L-T (2013) Effect of functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotube on the curing behavior and mechanical property of multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites. Mater Des 49:279–284
Bahr JL, Yang J, Kosynkin DV, Bronikowski MJ, Smalley RE, Tour JM (2001) Functionalization of carbon nanotubes by electrochemical reduction of aryl diazonium salts: a bucky paper electrode. J Am Chem Soc 123:6536–6542
Holzinger M, Vostrowsky O, Hirsch A, Hennrich F, Kappes M, Weiss R, Jellen F (2001) Sidewall functionalization of carbon nanotubes. Angew Chem Int Ed 40:4002–4005
Long D, Wu G, Wu A (2008) Photoinduced charge separation in riboflavin/carbon nanotubes superstructures. J Phys Chem C 112:13000–13003
Vadi M, Hadipour I (2011) Adsorption isotherm study of vitamin B2 on carbon nanotube. Orient J Chem 27:1037
Meng L, Fu C, Lu Q (2009) Advanced technology for functionalization of carbon nanotubes. Prog Nat Sci 19:801–810
Hamciuc C, Vlad-Bubulac T, Petreus O, Lisa G (2008) Synthesis and characterization of new aromatic polyesters and poly (ester-imide) s containing phosphorous cyclic bulky groups. Polym Bull 60:657–664
Mallakpour S, Zeraatpisheh F (2013) Novel chiral and organosoluble nanostructure poly (ester–imide) s containing N, N’-(3, 3′, 4, 4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic)-3, 3′, 4, 4′-diimido-bis-(L-tyrosine methyl ester) as a new amino acid based diol: production, morphology, and thermal properties. Des Monomers Polym 16:488–497
Mallakpour S, Soltanian S (2012) Synthesis and structural characterization of novel chiral nanostructured poly(esterimide)s containing different natural amino acids and 4,4ʹ-thiobis(2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol) linkages. J Appl Polym Sci 124:5089–5096
Liaw DJ, Fan CL, Lin CC, Wang KL (2004) Synthesis and characterization of new soluble poly (ester-imide) s containing noncoplanar 2, 2′-dimethyl-4, 4′-biphenylene unit. J Appl Polym Sci 92:2486–2493
Mallakpour S, Kowsari E (2006) Synthesis of novel optically active poly(ester imide) s by direct polycondensation reaction promoted by tosyl chloride in pyridine in the presence of N, N-dimethyformamide. J Appl Polym Sci 101:455–460
Mallakpour S, Kowsari E (2005) Direct polycondensations of N, N’-(4, 4′-oxydiphthaloyl)-bis-L-leucine diacid by use of tosyl chloride in the presence of N, N-dimethylformamide. Polym Adv Technol 16:795–799
Spitalsky Z, Tasis D, Papagelis K, Galiotis C (2010) Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties. Prog Polym Sci 35:357–401
Mahmood N, Islam M, Hameed A, Saeed S (2013) Polyamide 6/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with modified morphology and thermal properties. Polymers 5:1380–1391
Feng L, Hu J, Liu Z, Zhao F, Liu G (2007) Preparation and properties of optically active poly (N-methacryloyl L-leucine methyl ester). Polymer 48:3616–3623
Nakano T (2001) Optically active synthetic polymers as chiral stationary phases in HPLC. J Chromatogr A 906:205–225
Mallakpour S, Zadehnazari A (2011) Advances in synthetic optically active condensation polymers—a review. Express Polym Lett 5:142–181
Mallakpour S, Dinari M (2011) Progress in synthetic polymers based on natural amino acids. J Macromol Sci A 48:644–679
Mallakpour S, Soltanian S, Sabzalian MR (2011) Fabrication and in vitro degradation study of novel optically active polymers derived from amino acid containing diacids and 4, 4′-thiobis (2-tert-butyl-5-methylphenol). J Polym Res 18:1679–1686
Wang J, Yan S, Bao R, Yang K, Feng Z (2013) Facile fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its enhancement on thermally conductive adhesive applied in heat dissipation devices. Mater Des 51:598–604
Tahermansouri H, Biazar E (2013) Functionalization of carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes with 3, 5-diphenyl pyrazole and an investigation of their toxicity. New Carbon Mater 28:199–207
Abuilaiwi FA, Laoui T, Al-Harthi M, Atieh MA (2010) Modification and functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) via fischer esterification. Arab J Sci Eng 35:37–48
Pirlot C, Willems I, Fonseca A, Nagy JB, Delhalle J (2002) Preparation and characterization of carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile composites. Adv Eng Mater 4:109
Hoftyzer P, Van Krevelen D (1976) Properties of polymers. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 152–155
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Research Affairs Division Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, for partial financial support. Further financial support from National Elite Foundation (NEF), Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council (INIC) and Center of Excellence in Sensors and Green Chemistry Research (IUT) is gratefully acknowledged.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mallakpour, S., Soltanian, S. A facile approach towards functionalization of MWCNTs with vitamin B2 for reinforcing of biodegradable and chiral poly(ester-imide) having L-phenylalanine linkages: morphological and thermal investigations. J Polym Res 22, 183 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-015-0829-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-015-0829-9