Abstract
Understanding habitat ecology of fish is a basic step for developing management and conservation measures. In this study, the habitat use and selection of two little-known nemacheilid species, Oxynoemacheilus bergianus and Paracobitis sp., in the Kordan River, Iran were analyzed. The river was sampled at 66 equally spaced sites. A number of environmental variables and the relative abundance of each species were recorded at each site. O. bergianus mostly selected lower parts of the river, with lower depth and width, higher velocity, finer substrate, sparse riparian vegetation, less shade, and boulder cover. Paracobitis sp. mostly selected higher parts of the river, with higher slope, lower width, lower velocity, relatively higher depth, course substrate, bushy riparian vegetation, moderate shade, and different types of cover. In some cases the distribution patterns of both species were different from mentioned maximum habitat selection patterns. The intraspecies distribution patterns were similar for different size groups of each species, while the patterns were significantly different at interspecies level. The habitat characteristics may explain the strategies adopted by the two species to reduce interspecific competition for space and maximize net energy gain, or adaptation to the specific parts of the river.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdoli, A., K. Golzarianpour, B. Kiabi, M. Naderi & R. Patimar, 2011. Status of the endemic loaches of Iran. Folia Zoologica 60: 362–367.
Ahmadi-Nedushan, B., A. St-Hilaire, M. Bérubé, É. Robichaud, N. Thiémonge & B. Bobée, 2006. A review of statistical methods for the evaluation of aquatic habitat suitability for instream flow assessment. River Research and Applications 22: 503–523.
Bohlen, J. & V. Šlechtová, 2011. Nemacheilus paucimaculatus, a new species of loach from the southern Malay Peninsula (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59: 201–204.
Bohlen, J., V. Šlechtová & K. Udomritthiruj, 2014. Schistura hypsiura, a new species of loach (Cobitoidea: Nemacheilidae) from South-West Myanmar. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 21–27.
Bunt, C. M., S. J. Cooke & R. S. McKinley, 1998. Creation and maintenance of habitat downstream from a weir for the greenside darter, Etheostoma blennioides—a rare fish in Canada. Environmental Biology of Fishes 51: 297–308.
Chuang, L.-C., Y.-S. Lin & S.-H. Liang, 2006. Ecomorphological comparison and habitat preference of 2 cyprinid fishes, Varicorhinus barbatulus and Candidia barbatus, in Hapen Creek of Northern Taiwan. Zoological Studies 45: 114–123.
Coad, B., 2014. Freshwater Fishes of Iran. www.Briancoad.com. Accessed 14 Nov 2014.
Coad, B. W. & T. T. Nalbant, 2005. A new genus and a new species of a remarkable nemacheilid fish from Iran (Pisces: Ostariophysi: Nemacheilidae). Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 48: 303–308.
Conway, K., D. Edds, J. Shrestha & R. Mayden, 2011. A new species of gravel-dwelling loach (Ostariophysi: Nemacheilidae) from the Nepalese Himalayan foothills. Journal of Fish Biology 79: 1746–1759.
Copp, G. & L. Vilizzi, 2004. Spatial and ontogenetic variability in the microhabitat use of stream-dwelling spined loach (Cobitis taenia) and stone loach (Barbatula barbatula). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20: 440–451.
Dudgeon, D., A. H. Arthington, M. O. Gessner, Z. I. Kawabata, D. J. Knowler, C. Lévêque, R. J. Naiman, A. H. Prieur-Richard, D. Soto & M. L. Stiassny, 2006. Freshwater biodiversity: importance, threats, status and conservation challenges. Biological reviews 81: 163–182.
Gillette, D., J. Tiemann, D. Edds & M. Wildhaber, 2006. Habitat use by a Midwestern USA riverine fish assemblage: effects of season, water temperature and river discharge. Journal of Fish Biology 68: 1494–1512.
Golzarianpour, K., A. Abdoli, B. Kiabi & J. Freyhof, 2009. First record of the miniature loach Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) in the Karoun drainage, Iran. Zoology of the Middle East 47: 57–62.
Guay, J., D. Boisclair, D. Rioux, M. Leclerc, M. Lapointe & P. Legendre, 2000. Development and validation of numerical habitat models for juveniles of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 57: 2065–2075.
Hassanli, A., 2000. Various Methods for Discharge Measurement. Shiraz University Press, Shiraz.
Jamshidi, S., A. Abdoli, M. Sherafatian & K. Golzarianpour, 2013. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences of Turcinoemacheilus genus (Nemacheilidae; Cypriniformes) in Iran. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 12: 592–604.
Johnston, N., P. Slaney & B. Forest Renewal, 1996. Fish Habitat Assessment Procedures. British Columbia, Watershed Restoration Program.
Jowett, I., 2014. Jowett Consulting. www.jowettconsulting.co.nz. Accessed 9 Dec 2014.
Kottelat, M., 1990. Indochinese nemacheilines. A revision of nemacheiline loaches (Pisces: Cypriniformes) of Thailand, Burma, Laos, Cambodia and southern Viet Nam. Pfeil, München.
MacKenzie, A. R. & L. Greenberg, 1998. The influence of instream cover and predation risk on microhabitat selection of stone loach Barbatula barbatula (L.). Ecology of Freshwater Fish 7: 87–94.
Mercado-Silva, N., D. J. Gilroy, M. Erdenebat, Z. Hogan, S. Chandra & M. J. Vander Zanden, 2008. Fish community composition and habitat use in the Eg-Uur River system, Mongolia. Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences 6: 21–30.
Naderi, M. & A. Abdoli, 2004. Fish Species Atlas of South Caspian Sea Basin (Iranian Waters). Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, Tehran: 81 pp.
Pati, A. K. & A. Agrawal, 2002. Studies on the behavioural ecology and physiology of a hypogean loach, Nemacheilus. Current Science 83: 112–116.
Patimar, R., H. Adineh & M. J. Mahdavi, 2009. Life history of the western crested loach Paracobitis malapterura in the Zarrin-Gol River, east of the Elburz Mountains (Northern Iran). Biologia 64: 350–355.
Patimar, R., K. M. Rishkhori & A. Sabiani, 2011. Age, growth and reproductive characteristics of the Turkmenian crested loach Metaschistura cristata (Nemacheilidae). Folia Zool 60: 302–307.
Quist, M., F. Rahel & W. Hubert, 2005. Hierarchical faunal filters: an approach to assessing effects of habitat and nonnative species on native fishes. Ecology of Freshwater Fish 14: 24–39.
Rachmatika, I., R. Nasi, D. Sheil & M. Wan, 2005. A First Look at the Fish Species of the Middle Malinau: Taxonomy, Ecology, Vulnerability and Importance. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Indonesia.
Rifflart, R., G. Carrel, Y. Le Coarer & B. N. T. Fontez, 2009. Spatio-temporal patterns of fish assemblages in a large regulated alluvial river. Freshwater Biology 54: 1544–1559.
Rosenfeld, J., 2003. Assessing the habitat requirements of stream fishes: an overview and evaluation of different approaches. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 132: 953–968.
Sanda, R., J. Vukic, L. Choleva, J. Krizek, A. Sediva, S. Shumka & I. F. Wilson, 2008. Distribution of loach fishes (Cobitidae, Nemacheilidae) in Albania, with genetic analysis of populations of Cobitis ohridana. Folia Zoologica 57: 42–50.
Tabiee, O. & A. Abdoli, 2005. A study of some biological aspects of Nemacheilus malapterurus, Zarringol River, Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources 57: 715–728.
Taheri Azad, L. & G. Rafiee, 2008. Assessment of physicochemical quality of Kordan River for different uses. Paper presented at the 9th-national seminar on Irrigation and Evapotranspiration, Kerman-Iran.
Tejerina-Garro, F. L., M. Maldonado, C. Ibañez, D. Pont, N. Roset & T. Oberdorff, 2005. Effects of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes on riverine fish assemblages: a framework for ecological assessment of rivers. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48: 91–108.
Torgersen, C. E. & D. A. Close, 2004. Influence of habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of larval Pacific lamprey (Lampetra tridentata) at two spatial scales. Freshwater Biology 49: 614–630.
Vélez-Espino, L. A., 2006. Distribution and habitat suitability index model for the Andean catfish Astroblepus ubidiai (Pisces: Siluriformes) in Ecuador. Revista de Biología Tropical 54: 623–638.
Waddle, T., 2001. Phabsim for Windows, User’s Manual and Exercises. US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey.
Welton, J. S., C. A. Mill & J. R. Pygott, 1991. The effect of interaction between the stone loach Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.) and the bullhead Cottus gobio (L.) on prey and habitat selection. Hydrobiologia 220: 1–7.
Yu, S.-L. & T.-W. Lee, 2002. Habitat preference of the stream fish, Sinogastromyzon puliensis (Homalopteridae). Zoological Studies-Taipei 41: 183–187.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Prof. Eric Hallerman of Virginia Poly-Tech University for his kind review and language edition of the manuscript, and Arash Salahinejad, Hamid Reza Shekari, and Mohsen Ahmadi for their help during fieldwork and data analysis.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Handling editor: Odd Sandlund
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tabatabaei, S.N., Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Eagderi, S. et al. Habitat use of two nemacheilid fish species, Oxynoemacheilus bergianus and Paracobitis sp. in the Kordan River, Iran. Hydrobiologia 762, 183–193 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2347-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-015-2347-5