Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of a probiotic bacterium Bacillus circulans PB7 in the formulated diets: on growth, nutritional quality and immunity of Catla catla (Ham.)

  • Published:
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bacillus circulans PB7, isolated from the intestine of Catla catla, was evaluated for use as a probiotic supplement in the feeds for the fingerlings of Catla catla. The effect of supplement on the growth performance, feed utilization efficiency, and immune response was evaluated. Catla fingerlings (ave. wt. 6.48 ± 0.43 g) were fed diets supplemented with 2 × 104 (feed C1), 2 × 105 (feed C2), and 2 × 106 (feed C3) B. circulans PB 7 cells per 100 g feed for 60 days at 5% of the body weight per day in two equal instalments in triplicate treatments. The control feed (CC) was not supplemented with the B. circulans. All the feeds were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Fish fed with feed C2 displayed better growth, significantly (P ≤ 0.05) highest RNA/DNA ratio, a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), and a higher protein efficiency ratio (PER) than the other experimental diets. Highest carcass protein and lipid was also observed in the fish fed C2 feed compared to the others. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05), highest protease was recorded in fish fed feed C2 (47.9 ± 0.016) and lowest in fish fed feed C3 (32.10 ± 0.009), where α-amylase activity did not differ significantly (P ≤ 0.05) beyond the lowest inclusion level. ALP, ACP, GOT, and GPT in the liver of Catla catla were the highest (P ≤ 0.05) in fish fed C2 feed. The highest TSP, albumin, and globulin was observed in fish treated with C2 feed after 60 days feeding trial, but the lowest glucose level was observed in the same treatment. After the feeding trial, the non-specific immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were also studied. Phagocytic ratio, phagocytic index, and leucocrit value were the highest in fish fed feed C2. After the feeding trial, the fish were challenged for 10 days by bath exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila (AH1) (105c.f.u. ml−1 for 1 h, and, after 7 days, 107c.f.u. ml−1 for 1 h). Highest survival percentage was observed in fish fed with feed C2 compared with only 6.66% in the controls, which indicated the effectiveness of B. circulans PB 7 in reducing disease caused by A. hydrophila.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ajitha S, Sridhar M, Sridhar N, Singh ISB, Varghese V (2004) Probiotic effects of lactic acid bacteria against Vibrio alginolyticuys in Penaeus (Fenneropenaeus) indicus (H. Milne Edwards). Asian Fish Sci 17:71–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Akinbowale OL, Peng H, Barton MD (2006) Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from aquaculture sources in Australia. J Appl Microbiol 100:1103–1113. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.02812.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alcaide E, Blasco MD, Esteve C (2005) Occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria in two European eel farms. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:3348–3350. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.6.3348-3350.2005

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alfaro J, Lawrence AL, Lewis D (1993) Interaction of bacteria and male reproductive-system blackening disease of captive Penaeus setiferus. Aquaculture 117:1–8. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90117-H

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AOAC (1990) Official methods of analysis, 15th edn. S Williams (ed) AOAC, Virginia, 1298 pp

  • APHA-AWWA-WPCF (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th edn. Washington DC

  • Austin B, Austin DA (1999) Bacterial fish pathogens: disease of farmed and Wild Fish, 3rd edn. Springer-Praxix, Godalming

    Google Scholar 

  • Austin B, Stuckey LF, Robertson PAW, Effendi I, Griffith DRW (1995) A probiotic strain of Vibrio algilolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii. J Fish Dis 18:93–96. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01271.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bairagi A, Sarkar GK, Sen SK, Ray AK (2004) Evaluation of the nutritive value of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal, inoculated with fish intestinal bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus circulans in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) fingerlings. Aquat Res 35:436–446. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01028.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balebona MC, Zorrilla I, Morinigo MNA, Berrego JJ (1998) Survey of bacterial pathologies effect in farmed gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) in South Western Spain from 1990–1996. Aquaculture 166:19–35. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00282-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandyopadhyay P, Swain SK, Mishra S (2005) Growth and dietary utilisation in goldfish (Carassius auratus Linn) fed diets formulated with various local agro-produces. Bioresour Technol 96:731–740. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2004.06.018

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bazaz MM, Keshavanath P (1993) Effect of feeding levels of sardine oil on growth, muscle composition and digestive enzyme activities of mahseer Tor khudree. Aquaculture 115:111–119. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(93)90362-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernfeld P (1955) Amylase-oc and -ß. In: Colowick SP, Kaplan NO (eds) Methods of enzymology, vol 1. Academic Press, New York, pp 141–158

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Blaxhall PC, Daisley KW (1973) Routine haematological methods for use in fish blood. J Fish Biol 5:771–781. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04510.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bramley TA (1974) Treatment of immature mice with gonadotropins. Effects on some enzymatic activities of unfractioned ovarian homogenates. J Biochem 140:451–460

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown JH (1989) Antibiotics: their use and abuse in aquaculture. World Aquaculture 20:34–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckley LJ (1980) Changes in ribonucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid and protein content during ontogenesis in winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes amouricauses and effect of starvation. US Fish Bull 77:703–708

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang CI, Liu WY (2002) An evaluation of two probiotic bacterial strains, Enterococcus faecium SF 68 and Bacillus toyoi, for reducing edwardsiellosis in cultured European eel, Anguilla anguilla L. J Fish Dis 25:311–315. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.2002.00365.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Das BK, Samal SK, Samantaray BR, Sethi S, Pattnaik P, Misha BK (2006) Antagonistic activity of cellular components of Pseudomonas species against Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture 253:17–24. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.01.028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douillet PA, Langdon CJ (1994) Use of probiotic for the culture of larvae of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture 119:25–40. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)90441-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan DB (1955) Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics 11:1–42. doi:10.2307/3001478

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller R (1987) A review, probiotics in man and animals. J Appl Bacteriol 66:365–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller R (1992) History of development of probiotics. In: Fuller R (ed) Probiotics: the scientific basis. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Garriques D, Arevalo G (1995) An evaluation of the production and the use of a live bacterial isolate to manipulate the microbial flora in the commercial production of Penaeus vannamei post larvae in Ecuador. In: Browdy CL, Hopkins JS (eds) Swimming through troubled water. Proceedings of the special session on shrimp farming, Aquaculture, 1995. World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, pp 53–59

  • Gatesoupe FJ (1991) The effect of three strains of lactic bacteria on the production rate of rotifers, Brachionus plicatilis, and their dietary value for larval turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Aquaculture 96:335–342. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(91)90162-Z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatesoupe FJ (1994) Lactic acid bacteria increased the resistance of turbot larvae, Scophthalmus maximus, against pathogenic vibrio. Aquat Living Resour 7:277–282. doi:10.1051/alr:1994030

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh K, Sen SK, Ray AK (2003) Supplementation of an isolated fish gut bacterium, Bacillus circulens, in formulated diets for rohu, Labeo rohita fingerlings. Bamidgeh 55:13–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirata H, Murata O, Yamada S, Ishitani H, Wachi M (1998) Probiotic culture of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Hydrobiologia 387/388:495–498. doi:10.1023/A:1017004124600

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karunasagar I, Pai R, Malathi GR, Karunasagar I (1994) Mass mortality of Penaeus monodon larvae due to antibiotic resistant Vibrio harveyi infection. Aquaculture 128:203–209. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(94)90309-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy SB, Tucker JW, Neidig CL, Vermeer GK, Cooper VR, Jarrell JL, Sennett DG (1998) Bacterial management Strategies for stock enhancement of warm water marine fish: a case study with common snook (Centropomus undecimalis). Bull Mar Sci 62:573–588

    Google Scholar 

  • Keshavanath P, Renuka P (1998) Effect of dietary L-carnitine supplements on growth and body composition of fingerling rohu. Labeo rohita (Ham.). Aquat Nutr 4:83–87. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2095.1998.00052.x

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan MA, Jafri AK (1991) Protein and nucleic acid concentration in the muscle of catfish Clarias batrachus. Asian Fish Sci 4:75–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee KK, Yu SR, Chen FR, Yang TI, Liu PC (1996) Virulence of Vibrio alginolycicus isolated from diseased tiger prawn Penaeus monodon. Curr Microbiol 32:229–231. doi:10.1007/s002849900041

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mohanty SN, Swain SK, Tripathi SD (1996) Rearing of catla (Catla catla Ham.) spawn on formulated diets. J Aquat Trop 11:253–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Moriarty DJW (1998) Control of luminous Vibrio species in penaeid aquaculture ponds. Aquaculture 164:351–358. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00199-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Munro HN, Fleck A (1969) Analysis of tissue and body fluids for nitrogen constituents in mammalian protein metabolism. In: Munro HN (ed) Mammalian protein metabolism, vol 3. Academic Press, New York, pp 433–525

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson JC, Joborn K, Westerdhal A, Blomberg L, Kjelleberg S, Conway PL (1998) Survival persistence and proliferation of Vibrio anguillarum in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.), in intestine and faeces. J Fish Dis 21:1–9. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2761.1998.00327.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park JH, Jeong HD (1996) Enhanced resistance against Edwardsiella tarda infection in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by administration of protein-bound polysaccharide. Aquaculture 143:135–143. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01224-9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patra S (2002) Efficacity of some aquatic weeds on the kinetics of food intake, growth promotion, associated physiological and biochemical changes in Indian major carps. PhD Thesis, Vidyasagar University, India

  • Queiroz JF, Boyd CE (1998) Effects of a bacterial inoculum in channel catfish ponds. J World Aquacult Soc 29:67–73. doi:10.1111/j.1749-7345.1998.tb00300.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ringo E, Gatesoupe FJ (1998) Lactic acid bacteria in fish: a review. Aquaculture 160:177–203. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00299-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson PAW, O’Dowd C, Burrells C, Williams P, Austin B (2000) Use of Carnobacterium sp as a probiotic for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum). Aquaculture 185:235–243. doi:10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00349-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosauki SR (1993) Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh Analysis Protocol. Clin Chem 39:648

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahoo PK, Mukherjee SC (2001) Effect of dietary β-1, 3 glucan on immune responses and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin B1 induced immunocompromised rohu (Labeo rohita Hamilton). Fish Shellfish Immunol 11:683–695. doi:10.1006/fsim.2001.0345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • SAS (1991) SAS Institute SAS® system for regression, 2nd edn. SAS Institute, Cary, NC

  • Singh BN (1989) The digestibility of protein and energy from feedstuffs and pellated diets in mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) and grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.). J Freshwat Biol 1:7–13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siwicki AK, Anderson DP, Rumsey GL (1994) Dietary intake of immunostimulants by rainbow trout affects non-specific immunity and protection against furunculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 41:125–139. doi:10.1016/0165-2427(94)90062-0

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smoragiewicz W, Bielecka M, Babuchowski A, Boutard A, Dubau H (1993) Les probiotiques. Can J Microbiol 39:1089–1095

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snell FD, Snell CT (1971) Colorimetric methods of analysis, vol IV AAA. Van Nostrane Reinhold, New York, pp 7–145

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundaryono A, Tsvtnenko E, Evans LH (1996) Digestibility studies on fisheries by products based diets of Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture 143:331–340. doi:10.1016/0044-8486(96)01288-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sutton DC, Garrick R (1993) Bacterial disease of cultured giant clam Tridacna gigas larvae. Dis Aquat Organ 16:47–53. doi:10.3354/dao016047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Swain SK, Rangacharyulu PV, Sarkar S, Das KM (1996) Effect of a probiotic supplement on growth, nutrient utilization and carcass composition in mrigal fry. J Aquat 4:29–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Swick RW, Barnstein PL, Strange JL (1965) The response of the isozymes of alanine aminotransferase to diet and hormones. J Biol Chem 240:3341–3345

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wada H, Marino Y (1964) Comparative studies on glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminases from the mitochondrial and soluble fractions of mammalian tissues. In: Harris RS, Wool IG, Loraine JA (eds) Vitamins and hormones. Academic Press, New York, pp 411–444

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y-B (2007) Effect of probiotics on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of the shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 269:259–264. doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.05.035

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X-H, Ji W-S, Xu H-S (1999) Application of probiotic in aquaculture. Aiken Murray (Internet)

Download references

Acknowledgements

The first author is highly thankful to Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India for financial assistance. The author is also thankful to Head of the Department, Department of Zoology and Hon’ble Vice-Chancellor, Vidyasagar University for providing necessary facilities.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Partha Bandyopadhyay

    Present address: Biostadt India Limited, Poonam Chambers, A Wing, 6th Floor, Dr. A. B. Road, Worli, Mumbai, 400 018, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Aquaculture Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India

    Partha Bandyopadhyay

  2. Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721 102, West Bengal, India

    Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra

Authors
  1. Partha Bandyopadhyay
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pradeep K. Das Mohapatra.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bandyopadhyay, P., Das Mohapatra, P.K. Effect of a probiotic bacterium Bacillus circulans PB7 in the formulated diets: on growth, nutritional quality and immunity of Catla catla (Ham.). Fish Physiol Biochem 35, 467–478 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9272-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-008-9272-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation