Abstract
Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) is a graft transmitted virus, known to infect sweet cherries and some other Prunus species. Recently, this virus has been explored for its natural hosts and has emerged as a significant virus in India, infecting many species of bamboos with a high incidence of 65 %, thereby expanding its host range. A wild rose shrub (Rosa brunonii) growing near the already reported CNRMV infected bamboo, in the campus of CSIR-IHBT Palampur (India), was observed to display disease symptoms such as chlorosis and necrotic spots on the leaves. The plant was tested for CNRMV infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using the detection primers and was found to be infected. In order to widen the survey, 32 different samples of wild roses were collected from the floriculture division (CSIR-IHBT), where the institute maintains a germplasm of domesticated wild roses. The samples were tested by Double antibody sandwich-Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS–ELISA) and dot-blot hybridization and the results were validated by RT-PCR which confirmed the presence of CNRMV in 34 % of the tested samples, belonging to the species: R. brunonii, R. multiflora, R. cathayensis and R. alba. The complete coat protein (CP) gene of the virus was characterized from five positive samples. In the phylogenetic analysis it was seen that the three isolates (HPWRRA3, HPWRRC6 and HPWRRB31) were closely related to the Chilean sweet cherry isolate while two other isolates (HPWRRM2 and HPWR27) were closely related to the Indian bamboo isolate of the virus. The multiple sequence alignment revealed variation in the length of CP gene amongst the Indian isolates due to a missing triplet codon towards its 3′ end. The percentage identity matrix computed at nucleotide level revealed that the present wild rose isolates are 97.5 to 100 % identical to each other while the overall identity with other isolates of CNRMV characterized from different hosts and geographical regions was 85.1 to 100 %. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of CNRMV infection in wild roses. Infected wild roses may act as reservoir of the virus during the dormant season and identification of new hosts will help us understand biological characteristics of the virus.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to the Director, CSIR—Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. (India) for providing the necessary facilities. CSIR SRF grant to PA (Award letter no. 31/54 (86)/2011-EMR I) and the Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) are thankfully acknowledged. This is the CSIR-IHBT publication number 3709.
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A. A. Zaidi deceased
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Awasthi, P., Dhyani, D., Ram, R. et al. Wild roses as natural reservoirs of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus . Eur J Plant Pathol 142, 403–409 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0614-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0614-y