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Volcanic gas composition changes during the gradual decrease of the gigantic degassing activity of Miyakejima volcano, Japan, 2000-2015

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Abstract

The composition of volcanic gases discharged from Miyakejima volcano has been monitored during the intensive degassing activity that began after the eruption in 2000. During the 15 years from 2000 to 2015, Miyakejima volcano discharged 25.5 Mt of SO2, which required degassing of 3 km3 of basaltic magma. The SO2 emission rate peaked at 50 kt/day at the end of 2000 and quickly decreased to 5 kt/day by 2003. During the early degassing period, the volcanic gas composition was constant with the CO2/SO2 = 0.8 (mol ratio), H2O/SO2 = 35, HCl/SO2 = 0.08, and SO2/H2S = 15. The SO2 emission rate decreased gradually to 0.5 kt/day by 2012, and the gas composition also changed gradually to CO2/SO2 = 1.5, H2O/SO2 = 150, HCl/SO2 = 0.15, and SO2/H2S = 6. The compositional changes are not likely caused by changes in degassing pressure or volatile heterogeneity of a magma chamber but are likely attributed to an increase of hydrothermal scrubbing caused by large decrease of the volcanic gas emission rate, suggesting a supply of gases with constant composition during the 15 years. The intensive degassing was modeled based on degassing of a convecting magma conduit. The gradual SO2 emission rate that decrease without changes in volcanic gas composition is attributed to a reduction of diameter of the convecting magma conduit.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan Self-Defense Force, Japan Coast Guard, and Tokyo Metropolitan Government for their support for the heliborne and ground-based surveys. We also thank J. Hirabayashi, T. Oikawa, and S. Takeuchi for their assistance during the fieldwork and M. Someya for her help with chemical analyses. We thank Drs. Taryn Lopez and Maarten de Moor for their careful and constructive reviews and Dr. Tobias Fischer for his careful editing. This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI 22340130 and 25287115 to SH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Central 7, Higashi, 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan

    Hiroshi Shinohara, Nobuo Geshi, Nobuo Matsushima, Genji Saito & Ryunosuke Kazahaya

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  1. Hiroshi Shinohara
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  2. Nobuo Geshi
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  3. Nobuo Matsushima
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  4. Genji Saito
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  5. Ryunosuke Kazahaya
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Shinohara.

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Editorial responsibility: T.P. Fischer

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Shinohara, H., Geshi, N., Matsushima, N. et al. Volcanic gas composition changes during the gradual decrease of the gigantic degassing activity of Miyakejima volcano, Japan, 2000-2015. Bull Volcanol 79, 21 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-017-1105-0

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