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The Cerro Bitiche Andesitic Field: petrological diversity and implications for magmatic evolution of mafic volcanic centers from the northern Puna

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An Erratum to this article was published on 25 August 2016

Abstract

The Cerro Bitiche Andesitic Field (CBAF) is one of the two largest mafic volcanic fields in northern Puna (22–24° S) and is spatially and temporally associated with ignimbrites erupted from some central Andean Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex calderas. The CBAF comprises seven scoria cones and widespread high-K calcalkaline lava flows that cover an area of 200 km2. Although all erupted rocks have a relatively narrow chemical range (56–62 % SiO2, 3–6 % MgO), there is a broad diversity of mineral compositions and textures. The least evolved lavas (∼58–61 % SiO2) are high-Mg andesites with scarce (<10 %) microphenocrysts of either olivine or orthopyroxene. The small compositional range and low phenocryst content indicate evolution controlled by low percentages (<10 %) of fractional crystallization of olivine and clinopyroxene of magmas similar to the least evolved rocks from the field, accompanied by assimilation during rapid ascent through the crust. Evolved andesites (∼62 wt% SiO2), on the other hand, are porphyritic rocks with plagioclase + orthopyroxene + biotite and ubiquitous phenocryst disequilibrium textures. These magmas were likely stored in crustal reservoirs, where they experienced convection caused by mafic magma underplating, magma mixing, and/or assimilation. Trace element and mineral compositions of CBAF lavas provide evidence for complex evolution of distinct magma batches.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Roberto Liquín (CIT-Jujuy), as well as Patrocinio Flores and Paulino Cachizumba (IdGyM-UNJu), for preparation of thin sections and chemical analyses. We also want to thank Marcelo Claros for his cooperation in the field work. Dr. Robert Trumbull graciously allowed us to access the microprobe laboratory of the GFZ Potsdam and contributed with constructive and invaluable discussions. We also thank Oona Appelt (GFZ Potsdam) for her assistance during the execution of microprobe analyses. The comments of Daniel Selles and an anonymous reviewer greatly improved the quality of the original manuscript. This contribution was funded by Secretaría de Ciencia, Técnica y Estudios Regionales-Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (SeCTER-UNJu 08/E034), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PIP 2010-2012 N°204), and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Técnica (PICT 2012-N°1302).

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    Guadalupe Maro & Pablo J. Caffe

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Online Resource Fig. 1

Projection of pyroxene crystals of olivine lavas in the classification diagram (Ca-Fe-Mg) of Morimoto et al. (1988). (DOCX 777 kb)

Online Resource Fig. 2

Ternary diagram Cr# [Cr/(Fe3++Al+Cr)]-Fe# [Fe3+/(Fe3++Al+Cr)]-Al# [Al/(Fe3++Al+Cr)] of Cr-rich spinel inclusions in olivine (DOCX 773 kb)

Online Resource Fig. 3

a Projection of pyroxene crystals of orthopyroxene lavas in the classification diagram (Ca-Fe-Mg) of Morimoto et al. (1988). b Core to rim compositional profile of a representative orthopyroxene phenocryst from the most evolved andesite of the CBAF (sample Bi10-25) (DOCX 915 kb)

Online Resource Table 1

Olivine compositions. (DOCX 21 kb)

Online Resource Table 2

Clinopyroxene compositions. (DOCX 20 kb)

Online Resource Table 3

Orthopyroxene compositions. (DOCX 19 kb)

Online Resource Table 4

Oxide compositions. (DOCX 17 kb)

Online Resource Table 5

Biotite compositions. (DOCX 16 kb)

Online Resource Table 6

Plagioclase compositions. (DOCX 22 kb)

Online Resource Table 7

Summary of thermometers, barometers, and hygrometers used in the estimation of the intensive parameters (DOCX 31 kb)

Online Resource Table 8

Summary of thermobarometric and hygrometric calculations. (DOCX 20 kb)

Online Resource Table 9

Partition coefficients used in fractional crystallization models. (DOCX 19.7 kb)

Online Resource Table 10

Fractional crystallization models. (DOCX 18.2 kb)

Online Resource Table 11

Magma mixing models. (DOCX 18 kb)

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Maro, G., Caffe, P.J. The Cerro Bitiche Andesitic Field: petrological diversity and implications for magmatic evolution of mafic volcanic centers from the northern Puna. Bull Volcanol 78, 51 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-016-1039-y

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