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Post-depositional intrusion and extrusion through a scoria and spatter cone of fountain-fed nephelinite lavas (Las Herrerías volcano, Calatrava, Spain)

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Abstract

The effusion of lava flows from the base of volcanic cones is a common process in continental monogenetic basaltic fields. However, there are no descriptions in the literature of the structures that channel the lava output through the cone. The Pliocene-Quaternary Las Herrerías volcano (Calatrava, Spain) was constructed from the superposition of a nephelinite spatter and scoria cone and related lavas over a maar. Different eruptive styles contributed to the construction of the current volcanic cone: phreatomagmatic, Hawaiian, Strombolian and violent Strombolian. Quarrying has exposed a lava pond inside the volcanic cone, the intrusion of lava through cone-forming pyroclastic deposits and the ponding of associated lava flows within the maar crater. Low fire-fountaining activity formed a lava pond that stagnated within the crater protected by the cone’s highly welded spatter deposits at its base and overlying scoria deposits. Once the pressure exerted by ponding lava and overlying pyroclastic deposits exceeded the yield strength of the damming rock walls, the melt oozed out through fractures to form an intricate network of dikes and sills and extruded through the lower part of the volcanic cone, forming lava flows. We propose that lava intrusions similar to those here described may represent the final stage of feeding systems for lava flows associated with scoria and spatter cones.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant CGL2008-01130/BTE) and the Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU (grant GIU09/61) is acknowledged. We would also like to thank Narciso Cejudo, Quarry Technical Manager, for his help with sampling work, and B. I. Van Straaten, N. Riggs, N. Lefebvre and an anonymous referee for their many corrections and suggestions that greatly contributed to the improvement of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dpto. de Mineralogía y Petrología Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Sarriena s/n, 48940, Leioa, Spain

    M. Carracedo Sánchez & J. I. Gil Ibarguchi

  2. Dpto. de Geodinámica Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, 01006, Vitoria, Spain

    F. Sarrionandia

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  1. M. Carracedo Sánchez
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Correspondence to J. I. Gil Ibarguchi.

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Editorial responsibility: M.R. Patrick

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Online Resource 1a

Summary of the procedure for the analysis of major and trace elements. (DOCX 122 kb)

Online Resource 1b

Geochemical data (major and trace elements) of fire-fountain fed deposits of Las Herrerías volcano (Ciudad Real, Spain). (XLS 41 kb)

Online Resource 2

Stratigrafic log of Las Herrerías maar crater filling deposits. (JPEG 540 kb)

Online Resource 3

Microphotographs of the different fire-fountain fed deposits of Las Herrerías volcano (Ciudad Real, Spain): a) Spatter, b) Lava body, c) Dike, d) Coherent lava flow. (PDF 1482 kb)

Online Resource 4

Facies characteristics of coherent and pyroclastic deposits of Las Herrerías volcano (Ciudad Real, Spain). (DOC 46 kb)

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Sánchez, M.C., Sarrionandia, F. & Ibarguchi, J.I.G. Post-depositional intrusion and extrusion through a scoria and spatter cone of fountain-fed nephelinite lavas (Las Herrerías volcano, Calatrava, Spain). Bull Volcanol 76, 860 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-014-0860-4

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