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Thermo- and pH-responsive fluorescence behaviors of sulfur-functionalized detonation nanodiamond-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)

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Abstract

Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) are emerging as bioimaging platforms due to their biocompability, small primary particle size, reactive surface, and stable fluorescence after modification. In this paper, a heteroatom engineering method is provided to fabricate the fluorescent DNDs through pyrolysis of dibenzyl disulfide. The quantum yield of these sulfur (S)-functionalized DNDs (SDNDs) increases with sulfur percentage. The solubility and stability of SDNDs in aqueous solution are also significantly increased due to the formation of hydrophilic sulfur groups on DND. Furthermore, these SDNDs are used to conjugate the stimuli-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) through the ‘graft from’ method. The conjugation demonstrated both pH- and thermo-responsive fluorescence behaviors, which shows promise to be used in ratiometric fluorescence sensing for the detection of intracellular pH and temperature values.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge the NSF funding support (grant number 1228127). The authors would like to thank the Center for Biotechnology and Genomics and the Imaging Center in Texas Tech for microplate reader measurement and TEM imaging. And we are much thankful to Dr. Brandon Weeks for the UV–vis spectra characterization.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, P.O. Box 43061, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA

    Siheng Su, Junhua Wei & Jingjing Qiu

  2. Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 3131, College Station, TX, 77843, USA

    Kun Zhang & Shiren Wang

Authors
  1. Siheng Su
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  2. Junhua Wei
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  3. Kun Zhang
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  4. Jingjing Qiu
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Correspondence to Jingjing Qiu or Shiren Wang.

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Su, S., Wei, J., Zhang, K. et al. Thermo- and pH-responsive fluorescence behaviors of sulfur-functionalized detonation nanodiamond-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). Colloid Polym Sci 293, 1299–1305 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-015-3531-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-015-3531-x

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