Abstract
Key message
Iron and phosphorus are essential for soybean nodulation. Our results suggested that the deficiency of Fe or P impairs nodulation by affecting the assembly of functional iron–sulfur cluster via different mechanisms.
Abstract
Iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) are important mineral nutrients for soybean and are indispensable for nodulation. However, it remains elusive how the pathways of Fe metabolism respond to the fluctuation of external Fe or P. Iron is required for the iron–sulfur (Fe–S) cluster assembly in higher plant. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of Fe–S cluster biosynthesis genes in the nodulated soybean. Soybean genome encodes 42 putative Fe–S cluster biosynthesis genes, which were expressed differently in shoots and roots, suggesting of physiological relevance. Nodules initiated from roots of soybean after rhizobia inoculation. In comparison with that in shoots, iron concentration was three times higher in nodules. The Fe–S cluster biosynthesis genes were activated and several Fe–S protein activities were increased in nodules, indicating that a more effective Fe–S cluster biosynthesis is accompanied by nodulation. Fe–S cluster biosynthesis genes were massively repressed and some Fe–S protein activities were decreased in nodules by Fe deficiency, leading to tiny nodules. Notably, P deficiency induced a similar Fe-deficiency response in nodules, i.e, certain Fe–S enzyme activity loss and tiny nodules. However, distinct from Fe-deficient nodules, higher iron concentration was accumulated and the Fe–S cluster biosynthesis genes were not suppressed in the P-deficiency-treated nodules. Taken together, our results showed that both Fe deficiency and P deficiency impair nodulation, but they affect the assembly of Fe–S cluster maybe via different mechanisms. The data also suggested that Fe–S cluster biosynthesis likely links Fe metabolism and P metabolism in root and nodule cells of soybean.
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Abbreviations
- Fe:
-
Iron
- P:
-
Phosphorus
- Fe–S:
-
Iron–sulfur
- SUF:
-
Sulfur mobilization
- ISC:
-
Iron–sulfur cluster
- CIA:
-
Cytosolic iron–sulfur cluster assembly
- qRT-PCR:
-
Quantitative real-time PCR
- ACO:
-
Aconitase
- XDH:
-
Xanthine dehydrogenase
- AO:
-
Aldehyde oxidase
- NiR:
-
Nitrite reductase
- MV:
-
Methyl viologen
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31301833) and the 100-Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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The authors declare that have no conflicts of interest.
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Communicated by Baochun Li.
L. Qin and M. Wang contributed equally to this work.
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299_2014_1718_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Supplementary Figure S3 Quantitative determination of enzyme activities from the in-gel assays using Image J. Panel (a): quantitative determination of ACO and AO activities in soybean tissues with or without rhizobia inoculation. Panel (b): quantitative determination of ACO and AO activities in soybean tissues with iron deficiency or iron toxicity treatment. Panel (c): quantitative determination of ACO and AO activities in soybean tissues with P deficiency treatment. (TIFF 1,917 kb)
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Qin, L., Wang, M., Chen, L. et al. Soybean Fe–S cluster biosynthesis regulated by external iron or phosphate fluctuation. Plant Cell Rep 34, 411–424 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1718-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-014-1718-0