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Response of Nooksack potatoes to nitrogen fertilizer

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Abstract

The Nooksack cultivar because of differing characteristics may have different responses to grower management practices developed principally for Russet Burbank. This study was conducted to determine the effects of nitrogen on yield, grade, and specific gravity of the Nooksack cultivar. In irrigated field experiments, N fertilizer was sprinkler-applied daily on Quincy sand soil. In other experiments, on a Warden silt loam soil all N was broadcast and incorporated before planting. Fertilization rate did not significantly affect tuber grade or specific gravity. Short term shifts in N supply did not cause tuber deformities and poor grades as they commonly do with Russet Burbank. Nooksack, while responsive, did not have a strong positive response to N fertilization. Tuber yields were depressed at fertilizer plus residual N levels above 200 kg/ha on Warden silt loam and above 300 kg/ha on Quincy sand. This difference was because of variation in NO3 leaching and soil N mineralization and was reflected in calculation of optimum N rates. Nooksack may require less N fertilization than Russet Burbank partially because of the strong dormancy of Nooksack tubers that retards emergence and shortens growing season. Management to promote more rapid dormancy break and lower N nutrition during tuber initiation could result in earlier establishment, earlier tuber bulking, and greater yields of Nooksacks.

Resumen

Debido a sus características, el cultivar Nooksack puede responder de manera diferente a las prácticas de manejo del productor, desarrolladas principalmente para Russet Burbank. Este estudio se condujo para determinar los efectos del nitrógeno en el rendimiento, grado y gravedad específica del cultivar Nooksack. En experimentos de campo bajo riego, el fertilizante nitrogenado fue aplicado diariamente en riegos por aspersión en un suelo arenoso tipo Quincy. En otro experimento, en un suelo migajón de aluvión tipo Warden, todo elN fue diseminado e incorporado antes de la siembra. El nivel de fertilizatión no afectó significativamente el grado de los tubérculos o la gravedad específica. Cambios de corto tiempo en el abastecimiento deN no causaron deformaciones en los tubérculos y grados bajos como comunmente lo hacen con Russet Burbank. Si bien hubo una respuesta de Nooksack, ésta no fue una respuesta fuerte ni positiva a la fertilization conN. Los rendimientos en tubérculos fueron menores a niveles de fertilizatión, másN residual, por encima de 200 kg/ha en el migajón de aluvión Warden, y por encima de 300 kg/ha en el suelo arenoso Quincy. Esta diferencia se debió a la variatión en lixiviación de los nitratos (NO3), y a la mineralizatión del nitrógeno del suelo, lo que se reflejó en el cálculo de los niveles óptimos de nitrógeno. Nooksack puede requerir menos fertilización nitrogenada que Russet Burbank debido, parcialmente, al prolongado reposo de los tubérculos de Nooksack que retarda la emergencia y acorta el período de desarrollo. El manejo de los tubérculos para promover una ruptura más rápida del estado de reposo, y una nutritión más baja de nitrógeno durante la iniciación de la tuberización, podrían dar lugar a un establecimiento más temprano de las plántulas y a una carga, también más temprana, de tubérculos con un mayor rendimiento de Nooksack.

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Scientific paper No; 7239. Contribution from Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture in cooperation with the Washington State University, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Center, Pullman, WA 99164.

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Lauer, D.A. Response of Nooksack potatoes to nitrogen fertilizer. American Potato Journal 63, 251–262 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02852937

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