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Racial and Ethnic Disparities Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury Across the Continuum of Care: a Narrative Review and Directions for Future Research

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Abstract

Background

There is a growing body of evidence on racial and ethnic disparities within traumatic brain injury (TBI) care. The aim of this paper was to conduct a narrative review of the literature, demonstrating how racial and ethnic disparities manifest across the full spectrum of the TBI experience in civilian populations: injury, acute care and diagnosis, post-TBI recovery and adjustment, and long-term outcomes.

Methods

We searched five electronic databases (Scopus, APA PsychNet, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar) using the search terms traumatic brain injury, head trauma, concussion, health disparities, ethnic minority, racial minority, race ethnicity, racial ethnic, prevalence, incidence, diagnosis, rehabilitation, recovery, and outcomes. Boolean search modifiers AND, NOT, and OR were used to produce relevant results. Additional resources were included by the authors, as deemed relevant to the investigation.

Results

Our narrative review of 39 articles elucidated numerous ways in which racial and ethnic disparities span the TBI continuum of care, including acute care and diagnosis, post-TBI recovery and adjustment, and long-term outcomes.

Conclusions

Understanding racial and ethnic disparities is a first step in ensuring equitable care for all individuals with TBI, including raising awareness among clinicians and guiding the development of tailored interventions for racial and ethnic minority populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge St, Suite 2000, Boston, MA, 02114, USA

    Altaf Saadi

  2. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Altaf Saadi, Sarah Bannon & Ana-Maria Vranceanu

  3. Integrated Brain Health Clinical and Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Sarah Bannon & Ana-Maria Vranceanu

  4. Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA

    Eric Watson

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AS proposed the article idea, conducted the literature search and data analysis, drafted the manuscript, and critically revised the work.

SB conducted the literature search and data analysis, drafted, and critically revised the work.

EW conducted the literature search and data analysis, drafted, and critically revised the work.

AMW provided study supervision and critically revised the work.

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Correspondence to Altaf Saadi.

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Saadi, A., Bannon, S., Watson, E. et al. Racial and Ethnic Disparities Associated with Traumatic Brain Injury Across the Continuum of Care: a Narrative Review and Directions for Future Research. J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities 9, 786–799 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-021-01017-4

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