Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Emerging Treatment Options for Rosacea

  • HOT TOPIC
  • Published:
Current Dermatology Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Rosacea is a ubiquitous chronic inflammatory dermatosis that affects approximately 10% of the population worldwide. Skin manifestations can appear in diverse amalgamations and several degrees of intensity, with frequent spells of aggravation and regression. According to the National Rosacea Society (NRS), about 16 million Americans were affected by rosacea in 2021.

Recent Findings

Rosacea has been linked to immune system dysregulation and alterations in the neurological and vascular systems. The primary treatment paradigm for rosacea encompasses local and systemic therapies, as well as lasers. However, no exclusive treatment for rosacea is entirely remedial. Innumerable therapies have been considered till date, all of which provide wavering alleviation of the clinical condition. Recent advancements in combination treatments have resulted in therapeutics that has more robust inceptive outcomes and protracted sustenance than those previously available.

Summary

Severity evaluation, exact subtype identification, and personalized therapy to meet the patient’s needs are the primary keys to successful rosacea treatment. In this review, compendious discussion is made on rosacea, and the currently available as well as emerging treatments for the management of rosacea.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Data sharing does not apply to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

References

• Of importance

    •• Of major importance

    1. van Zuuren EJ, Arents BWM, van der Linden MMD, Vermeulen S, Fedorowicz Z, Tan J. Rosacea: new concepts in classification and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 22(4):457–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40257-021-00595-7.

    2. Johnson SM, Berg A, Barr C. Managing rosacea in the clinic: from pathophysiology to treatment - a review of the literature. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2020;13(4 Suppl 1):S17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc7384638/.

    3. Rainer BM, et al. Characterization and analysis of the skin microbiota in rosacea: a case-control study. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2020;21(1):139–47. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40257-019-00471-5.

    4. Ahn CS, Huang WW. Rosacea pathogenesis. Dermatol Clin. 2018;36(2):81–6. https://www.derm.theclinics.com/article/S0733-8635(17)30159-6/abstract.

    5. Tan J, et al. Updating the diagnosis, classification and assessment of rosacea: recommendations from the global ROS acea CO nsensus (ROSCO) panel. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(2):431–8. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjd.15122.

    6. van Zuuren EJ. Rosacea. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(18):1754–64. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp1506630.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    7. Gallo RL, et al. Standard classification and pathophysiology of rosacea: the 2017 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(1):148–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2017.08.037.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    8. Tan J, Berg M. Rosacea: current state of epidemiology. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6):S27–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2013.04.043.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    9. Tan J, Schöfer H, Araviiskaia E, Audibert F, Kerrouche N, Berg M. Prevalence of rosacea in the general population of Germany and Russia – the RISE study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016;30(3):428–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.13556.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    10. Schaller M, et al. Recommendations for rosacea diagnosis, classification and management: update from the global ROS acea CO nsensus 2019 panel. Br J Dermatol. 2020;182(5):1269–76. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjd.18420.

    11. Alexis AF, Callender VD, Baldwin HE, Desai SR, Rendon MI, Taylor SC. Global epidemiology and clinical spectrum of rosacea highlighting skin of color: review and clinical practice experience. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;80(6):1722–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2018.08.049.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    12. Wilkin J, et al. Standard classification of rosacea: report of the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee on the Classification and Staging of Rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2002;46(4):584–7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962202426977.

    13. Thyssen JP. Subtyping phenotyping or endotyping rosacea: how can we improve disease understanding and patient care? Wiley Online Library; 2018. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjd.16942.

    14. Wang YA, James WD. Update on rosacea classification and its controversies. Cutis. 2019;104(1):70–3. https://cdn.mdedge.com/files/s3fs-public/Wang%20rosaceaCT104001070.PDF.

    15. van Zuuren EJ, et al. Interventions for rosacea based on the phenotype approach: an updated systematic review including GRADE assessments. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181(1):65–79. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bjd.17590.

    16. Anzengruber F, et al. Swiss S1 guideline for the treatment of rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2017;31(11):1775–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14349.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    17. Thiboutot D, et al. Standard management options for rosacea: the 2019 update by the National Rosacea Society Expert Committee. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(6):1501–10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962220301663.

    18. Hampton PJ. Expanding treatment options for rosacea. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(3):412–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18985.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    19. Rainer BM, Fischer AH, Luz Felipe da Silva D, Kang S, Chien AL. Rosacea is associated with chronic systemic diseases in a skin severity–dependent manner: Results of a case-control study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2015;73(4):604–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.07.009.

    20. Rosen T, Stone MS. Acne rosacea in blacks. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1987;17(1):70–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0190-9622(87)70173-X.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    21. Melnik B. Rosacea: The blessing of the Celts – an approach to pathogenesis through translational research. Acta Derm Venereol. 2016;96(2):147–56. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-2220.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    22. Abram K, Silm H, Oona M. Prevalence of rosacea in an Estonian working population using a standard classification. Acta Derm Venereol. 2010;90(3):269–73. https://doi.org/10.2340/00015555-0856.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    23. Spoendlin J, Voegel JJ, Jick SS, Meier CR. A study on the epidemiology of rosacea in the UK. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(3):598–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11037.x.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    24. Chosidow O, Cribier B. Epidemiology of rosacea: updated data. Ann Dermatol Venereol. 2011;138:S179–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0151-9638(11)70087-4.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    25. Ramelet AA. Rosacea: a reaction pattern associated with ocular lesions and migraine? Arch Dermatol. 1994;130(11):1448. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1994.01690110118022.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    26. Tavassoli S, Wong N, Chan E. Ocular manifestations of rosacea: a clinical review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021;49(2):104–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.13900.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    27. Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M. Recent advances in understanding and managing rosacea. F1000Research. 2018;7:1885. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16537.1.

    28. Woo Y, Lim J, Cho D, Park H. Rosacea: molecular mechanisms and management of a chronic cutaneous inflammatory condition. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(9):1562. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091562.

      Article  CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    29. Holmes AD. Potential role of microorganisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6):1025–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2013.08.006.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    30. Yamasaki K, et al. TLR2 expression is increased in rosacea and stimulates enhanced serine protease production by keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;131(3):688–97. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2010.351.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    31. Chang ALS, et al. Assessment of the genetic basis of rosacea by genome-wide association study. J Invest Dermatol. 2015;135(6):1548–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2015.53.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    32. Kelhälä H-L, et al. IL-17/Th17 pathway is activated in acne lesions. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(8): e105238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105238.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    33. Schwab VD, et al. Neurovascular and neuroimmune aspects in the pathophysiology of rosacea. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc. 2011;15(1):53–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/jidsymp.2011.6.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    34. Abram K, Silm H, Maaroos H-I, Oona M. Risk factors associated with rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(5):565–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03472.x.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    35. Aldrich N, et al. Genetic vs environmental factors that correlate with rosacea. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(11):1213. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.2230.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    36. de Bersaques J. Historical notes on (Acne) rosacea. Eur J Dermatol. 1995;5(1):16–22. https://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=3426776.

    37. Tan J, et al. Updating the diagnosis, classification and assessment of rosacea: recommendations from the global ROSacea COnsensus (ROSCO) panel. Br J Dermatol. 2017;176(2):431–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15122.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    38. Gauwerky K, et al. Rosacea. J der Dtsch Dermatol Gesell. 2009;7(11):996–1003. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1610-0387.2009.07119.x.

      Article  Google Scholar 

    39. Logger JGM, Olydam JI, Driessen RJB. Use of beta-blockers for rosacea-associated facial erythema and flushing: a systematic review and update on proposed mode of action. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(4):1088–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.129.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    40. Pietschke K, Schaller M. “Long-term management of distinct facial flushing and persistent erythema of rosacea by treatment with carvedilol. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29(3):310–3. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2017.1360991.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    41. Layton A, Thiboutot D. Emerging therapies in rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;69(6):S57–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2013.04.041.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    42. Husein-ElAhmed H, Steinhoff M. Efficacy of topical ivermectin and impact on quality of life in patients with papulopustular rosacea: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(1): e13203. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13203.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    43. Li J, et al. Hydroxychloroquine is a novel therapeutic approach for rosacea. Int Immunopharmacol. 2020;79: 106178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106178.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    44. Wang B, et al. Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine for treatment of patients with rosacea: a multicenter randomized double-blind double-dummy pilot study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021;84(2):543–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.05.050.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    45. Trave I, Merlo G, Cozzani E, Parodi A. Real-life experience on effectiveness and tolerability of topical ivermectin in papulopustular rosacea and antiparasitic effect on Demodex mites. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(6): e13093. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13093.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    46. Shemer A, Shiri J, Mashiah J, Farhi R, Gupta AK. Topical minocycline foam for moderate to severe acne vulgaris: phase 2 randomized double-blind, vehicle-controlled study results. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016;74(6):1251–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2015.09.065.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    47. Gold LS, et al. Minocycline 1.5% foam for the topical treatment of moderate to severe papulopustular rosacea: results of 2 phase 3 randomized clinical trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(5):1166–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.01.043.

    48. Webster G, et al. A multicentre randomized double-masked parallel group vehicle-controlled phase IIb study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 1% and 3% topical minocycline gel in patients with papulopustular rosacea. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(3):471–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.18857.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    49. Forton FMN, De Maertelaer V. Treatment of rosacea and demodicosis with benzyl benzoate: effects of different doses on Demodex density and clinical symptoms. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2020;34(2):365–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15938.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    50. Forton FMN, De Maertelaer V. Effectiveness of benzyl benzoate treatment on clinical symptoms and Demodex density over time in patients with rosacea and demodicosis: a real life retrospective follow-up study comparing low- and high-dose regimens. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020;1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546634.2020.1770168.

    51. Jacob S, VanDaele MA, Brown JN. Treatment of Demodex -associated inflammatory skin conditions: a systematic review. Dermatol Ther. 2019;32(6): e13103. https://doi.org/10.1111/dth.13103.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    52. Li Y, et al. Tranexamic acid ameliorates rosacea symptoms through regulating immune response and angiogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol. 2019;67:326–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.031.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    53. Kim MS, Chang SE, Haw S, H. Bak, Kim YJ, Lee MW. Tranexamic acid solution soaking is an excellent approach for rosacea patients: a preliminary observation in six patients. J Dermatol. 2013;40(1):70–1. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2012.01515.x.

    54. Kim BY, Moon H-R, Ryu HJ. Comparative efficacy of short-pulsed intense pulsed light and pulsed dye laser to treat rosacea. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2019;21(5):291–6. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14764172.2018.1528371.

    55. Kapicioglu Y, Sarac G, Cenk H. Treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea facial erythema and facial telangiectasia with a 577-nm pro-yellow laser: a case series. Lasers Med Sci. 2019;34(1):93–8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10103-018-2606-6.

    56. Zhang Y, et al. A decade retrospective study of light/laser devices in treating nasal rosacea. J Dermatolog Treat. 2020;31(1):84–90. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09546634.2019.1580669.

    57. Sun Y, Chen L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Wu Y, Chen H. Topical photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid in Chinese patients with Rosacea. J Cosmet Laser Ther. 2019;21(4):196–200. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14764172.2018.1502455.

    58. Tanghetti EA, et al. Oxymetazoline and energy-based therapy in patients with rosacea: evaluation of the safety and tolerability in an open-label, interventional study. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;53(1):55–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23253.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    59. Suggs AK, Macri A, Richmond H, Munavalli G, Friedman PM. Treatment of erythematotelangiectatic rosacea with pulsed‐dye laser and oxymetazoline 1.0% cream: a retrospective study. Lasers Surg Med. 2020;52(1):38–43. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23176.

    60. Fan L, Yin R, Lan T, Hamblin MR. Photodynamic therapy for rosacea in Chinese patients. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018;24:82–7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157210001830190X.

    61. Zhang H, Tang K, Wang Y, Fang R, Sun Q. Rosacea treatment: review and update. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2021;11(1):13–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13555-020-00461-0.

      Article  Google Scholar 

    62. Kilty S, Brownrigg P. Surgical treatment of rhinophyma. J Otolaryngol. 2008;37(3). https://www.academia.edu/download/42634402/Surgical_treatment_of_rhinophyma20160212-13641-lbdsc.pdf.

    63. Silva DNE, et al. Combined treatment for rhinophyma. Surg Cosmet Dermatology. 2016;8(2):167–71. http://www.surgicalcosmetic.org.br/detalhe-artigo/487/Tratamento-combinado-para-o-rinofima.

    64. Al Hamzawi NK, Al Baaj SM. Large rhinophyma treated by surgical excision and electrocautery. Case Rep Surg. 2019;2019:1–3. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2395619.

      Article  Google Scholar 

    65. Li W, He X, Chen W, et al. A novel surgical approach for rhinophyma: experience from a cohort of thirty patients. J Craniofac Surg. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000007963.

      Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    66. Messoud Ashina DHC. A study to determine safety and efficacy of B244 in subjects with mild to moderate rosacea. 2020. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40257-021-00595-7.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov 2020.

    67. Kumar AM, Chiou AS, Shih YH, Li S, Chang ALS. An exploratory open-label investigator-initiated study of interleukin-17 blockade in patients with moderate-to-severe papulopustular rosacea. Br J Dermatol. 2020;183(5):942–3. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.19172.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    68. AOBiome LLC. A study to determine safety and efficacy of B244 in subjects with mild to moderate rosacea. 2020. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40257-021-00595-7.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov 2020.

    69. Gold LS, et al. Treatment of rosacea with concomitant use of topical ivermectin 1% cream and brimonidine 0.33% gel: a randomized vehicle-controlled study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2017;16(9):909–16. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28915286.

    70. Schaller M, et al. A randomized phase 3b/4 study to evaluate concomitant use of topical ivermectin 1% cream and doxycycline 40-mg modified-release capsules versus topical ivermectin 1% cream and placebo in the treatment of severe rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;82(2):336–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.063.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    71. Fowler JF. Combined effect of anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline (40-mg doxycycline usp monohydrate controlled-release capsules) and metronidazole topical gel 1% in the treatment of rosacea. J Drugs Dermatol. 2007;6(6):641–5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17668530.

    72. Sanchez J, Somolinos AL, Almodóvar PI, Webster G, Bradshaw M, Powala C. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the combined effect of doxycycline hyclate 20-mg tablets and metronidazole 0.75% topical lotion in the treatment of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(5):791–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2005.04.069.

    73. Williamson T, Kamalakar R, Ogbonnaya A, Zagadailov EA, Eaddy M, Kreilick C. Rate of adverse events and healthcare costs associated with the topical treatment of rosacea. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2017;10(3):113–9. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28626508.

    74. Schaller M, et al. Rosacea management: update on general measures and topical treatment options. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2016;14:17–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddg.13143.

      Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    75. Dahl MV, Jarratt M, Kaplan D, Tuley MR, Baker MD. Once-daily topical metronidazole cream formulations in the treatment of the papules and pustules of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;45(5):723–30. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962201437315.

    76. Breneman D, Savin R, VandePol C, Vamvakias G, Levy S, Leyden J. Double blind randomized vehicle controlled clinical trial of once daily benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe rosacea. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43(5):381–7. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2004.02283.x.

    77. Beutner K, Calvarese B, Graeber M. A multi-center investigator-blind clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of metronidazole gel 1% as compared to metronidazole gel vehicle and metronidazole cream 1% in the treatment of rosacea: P101. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;52(3):10.

      Google Scholar 

    78. Del Rosso JQ, et al. Two randomized phase III clinical trials evaluating anti-inflammatory dose doxycycline (40-mg doxycycline USP capsules) administered once daily for treatment of rosacea. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56(5):791–802. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0190962206040436.

    79. Akhyani M, Ehsani AH, Ghiasi M, Jafari AK. Comparison of efficacy of azithromycin vs doxycycline in the treatment of rosacea: a randomized open clinical trial. Int J Dermatol. 2008;47(3):284–8. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03445.x.

    80. Mostafa FF, El Harras MA, Gomaa SM, Al Mokadem S, Nassar AA, Abdel Gawad EH. Comparative study of some treatment modalities of rosacea. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2008;23(1):22–8. https://europepmc.org/article/med/18705632.

    81. Koca R, Altinyazar HC, Ankarali H, Muhtar Ş, Tekin NS, Cinar S. A comparison of metronidazole 1% cream and pimecrolimus 1% cream in the treatment of patients with papulopustular rosacea: a randomized open label clinical trial. Clin Exp Dermatology Clin Dermatol. 2010;35(3):251–6. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2009.03427.x.

    82. Moore A, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of once-daily topical brimonidine tartrate gel 0.5% for the treatment of moderate to severe facial erythema of rosacea: results of a 1-year open-label study. J Drugs Dermatol. 2014;13(1):56–61. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24385120.

    83. Sbidian E, et al. A randomized-controlled trial of oral low-dose isotretinoin for difficult-to-treat papulopustular rosacea. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136(6):1124–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2016.01.025.

      Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

    84. Luo Y, Luan X, Zhang J, Wu L, Zhou N. Improved telangiectasia and reduced recurrence rate of rosacea after treatment with 540 nm-wavelength intense pulsed light: a prospective randomized controlled trial with a 2-year follow-up. Exp Ther Med. 2020;19(6):3543–50. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2020.8617.

      Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

    85. Sodha P, Suggs A, Munavalli GS, Friedman PM. A randomized controlled pilot study: combined 595‐nm pulsed dye laser treatment and oxymetazoline hydrochloride topical cream superior to oxymetazoline hydrochloride cream for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Lasers Surg Med. 2021;lsm.23439. https://doi.org/10.1002/lsm.23439.

    Download references

    Acknowledgements

    The author thanks Dr. Parth Naik (M.D. FRANZCR) for his efforts on compilation of information.

    Funding

    This article was self-funded, and no other source of funding was present.

    Author information

    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Dermatology, Saudi German Hospital and Clinic, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

      Piyu Parth Naik

    Authors
    1. Piyu Parth Naik
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    Corresponding author

    Correspondence to Piyu Parth Naik.

    Ethics declarations

    Conflict of Interest

    No competing interests were present.

    Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

    This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by the author.

    Authorship

    Named author meets the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship for this article, takes responsibility for the integrity of the work, and has given her approval for this version to be published.

    Additional information

    Publisher's Note

    Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    About this article

    Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

    Cite this article

    Naik, P.P. Emerging Treatment Options for Rosacea. Curr Derm Rep 10, 243–253 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-021-00347-0

    Download citation

    • Accepted:

    • Published:

    • Issue Date:

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-021-00347-0

    Keywords

    Search

    Navigation