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Talus bone: normal anatomy, anatomical variations and clinical correlations

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Abstract

Talus is a pivotal bone that assists in easy and correct locomotion and transfers body weight from the shin to the foot. Despite its small size, it is implicated in many clinical disorders. Familiarity with the anatomy of the talus and its anatomical variations is essential for the diagnosis of any disorder related to these variations. Furthermore, orthopedic surgeons must be fully aware by this anatomy during podiatry procedures. In this review, we attempt to present its anatomy in a simple, updated and comprehensive manner. We have also added the anatomical variations and some clinical points relevant to the unique and complex anatomy of talus. The talus has no muscle attachment. However, it does have many ligaments attached to it and others around it to keep it in place. Moreover, the bone plays a pig role in movements due to its involvement in many joints. Most of its surface is covered with articular cartilage. Therefore, its blood supply is relatively poor. This puts the talus at greater risk for poor healing as well as more complications in the event of injury than any other bone. We hope this review will make it easier for clinicians to pursue and understand the updated essential knowledge of one of the most complex bone anatomies that they need in their clinical practice.

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Data availability

Data associated with the paper are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

ACL:

Anterior capsular ligament

ATFL:

Anterior talofibular ligament

CL:

Cervical ligament of subtalar joint

CPU:

Calcaneopedal unit

CT:

Computed tomography

DL:

Deltoid (medial collateral) ligament

DTNL:

Dorsal talonavicular ligament

FTCL:

Fibulotalocalcaneal ligament

IER:

Inferior extensor retinaculum

ITCL:

Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

LTCL:

Lateral talocalcaneal ligament

MRI:

Magnetic resonance imaging

MTCL:

Medial talocalcaneal ligament

PTCL:

Posterior talocalcaneal ligament

PTFL:

Posterior talofibular ligament

SPECT/CT:

Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography

ST:

Sinus tarsi

STS:

Sinus tarsi syndrome

TTFU:

Talotibiofibular unit

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orthopedic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44519, Egypt

    Mohammad Abdelmonem Hegazy, Hossam Mohammed Khairy, Mohamed Abd El Fattah Sebaei & Sami Ibrahim Sadek

  2. Basic Medical Science Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa City, 13110, Jordan

    Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy

  3. Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44519, Egypt

    Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy

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  1. Mohammad Abdelmonem Hegazy
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Correspondence to Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy.

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The authors declares that they have no conflict of interest. This manuscript is a review article and does not involve a research protocol requiring approval by the relevant institutional review board or ethics committee. All diagrams were made by the author AAH. Bone specimens and images were obtained from the archives of the human anatomy and orthopedics departments with unspecified names.

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Hegazy, M.A., Khairy, H.M., Hegazy, A.A. et al. Talus bone: normal anatomy, anatomical variations and clinical correlations. Anat Sci Int 98, 391–406 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12565-023-00712-y

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