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In vitro medium-term conservation of Garcinia indica: a tropical recalcitrant seeded fruit tree of India

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Abstract

Garcinia indica (Thouars) Choisy is one of the important fruit species of the Clusiaceae family distributed in the Western Ghats of India in wild and semi-domesticated forms. This is an under-exploited, dioecious tree with high economic potential. Germplasm conservation of this species is limited to in situ or on-farm level only due to the highly recalcitrant nature of its apomictic seeds. As the seeds are sensitive to moisture as well as low-temperature stresses, conservation has so far not been reported from any seed genebank or cryogenebank. The present work aimed to develop a medium-term conservation strategy under in vitro culture conditions. Adventitious in vitro shoots were developed through direct organogenesis in one accession (IC638184) sourced from Konkan region of the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. These shoots were grown on different concentrations of plant growth regulators to increase the subculture duration of the in vitro plants. The effects of growth regulators on multiplication and growth of cultures were investigated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) at six concentrations (4.44, 6.66, 8.88, 17.76, 26.64, and 35.52 µM) alone and in combination with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at three concentrations (0.53, 2.68, and 5.37 µM). Cultures raised on MS medium supplemented with 6.66 µM BAP and 0.53 µM NAA and incubated at 25 ± 2 °C showed a 36% survival up to 24 mo of culture. Similar results were obtained in three other accessions of G. indica (IC638183, IC638185, and IC638186) collected from the same region. The shoots conserved for 2 yr showed 100% regeneration on fresh multiplication medium and successfully hardened with a survival of 90%. Conservation of germplasm using in vitro medium-term storage was not only cost-effective but also important for the development of cryopreservation protocols for its long-term conservation.

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Acknowledgements

Sincere thanks are accorded to the Director, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi, for supporting this study. The diagrammatic representation of G. indica seed medium-term conservation was created using the software BioRender (https://biorender.com).

Funding

This work was done as part of intra-mural projects at ICAR-NBPGR that was funded by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), including (i) Investigating desiccation and freezing tolerance in non-orthodox seed species, dormant buds, and pollen for cryopreservation (project code: PGR/TCCU-BUR-DEL-02.02); (ii) in vitro conservation of tropical fruit crops (project code: PGR/TCCUBUR-DEL-01.05), and (iii) exploration for the collection of genetic resources of horticultural crop species and their wild relatives (project code: PGR/PGC-BUR-DEL-01.02).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tissue Culture and Cryopreservation Unit (TCCU), National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India

    Vartika Srivastava & Anuradha Agrawal

  2. Division of Plant Exploration and Germplasm Collection, ICAR-NBPGR, New Delhi, India

    Kailash Chandra Bhatt

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  1. Vartika Srivastava
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  2. Kailash Chandra Bhatt
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  3. Anuradha Agrawal
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VS conceived, planned, and managed the experiments and prepared the manuscript; KCB collected the material from the field; AA provided overall supervision for the work and critically edited the manuscript. All the authors have read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anuradha Agrawal.

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Srivastava, V., Bhatt, K.C. & Agrawal, A. In vitro medium-term conservation of Garcinia indica: a tropical recalcitrant seeded fruit tree of India. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 58, 876–887 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-022-10288-3

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