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Phytochemical and anti-oxidant evaluation of in vitro and in vivo propagated plants of Curculigo orchioides

  • Medicinal Plants
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Abstract

Curculigo orchioides (Kali Musli) is a medicinal plant commonly used in the Indian and Chinese traditional medicine system to treat jaundice and asthma. It is also used as an aphrodisiac in several countries. C. orchioides is treated as an essential resource in many pharmaceutical industries as a source of bioactive compounds. Indiscriminate use, depletion of its natural habitat, and its seasonal availability have resulted in its rarity. As per the IUCN status, Curculigo orchioides is now listed as an endangered plant. The present micropropagation study resolves its seasonal availability by ensuring a continuous supply of plants. In vitro somatic embryos were induced on the leaf explants of C. orchioides in one-fourth–strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. The embryos developed into whole plants in 8 wk. The in vitro plants produced were evaluated for their phytochemical evaluation and anti-oxidant activity along with their wild counterparts as controls. Both sets, wild plants termed in vivo and tissue-cultured plants called in vitro plants, were subjected to phytochemical extraction using a solvent gradient method. The extracts were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for phytochemical constituents. The anti-oxidant property of the extracts was screened using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and reducing power assays. The in vivo aqueous root extract (AR) and aqueous leaf extract (AL) had similar DPPH radical scavenging activity for both in vivo and in vitro plants. In vitro methanolic root extracts showed a significantly higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than other in vitro root extracts. The study demonstrates the medicinal properties of in vitro plants conclusively. It could be effectively used as an alternative, time-saving method for sustainable, season-independent usage of endangered plants for extraction while conserving and protecting their diversity and habitat in nature.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Dr Anurag Sharma and Dr Sudarshan Kini for their valuable inputs. We are grateful to Prof Dr Anirban Chakraborty, Director NUCSER, for providing the infrastructure and other facilities. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial assistance from Nitte University in the form of PhD fellowship to Ms Sharanya Kushalan (N18PHDBS110), Mr Aloysius Khyahrii S, (N18PHDBS106) and Nitte University Research fund (NUF20A-005) granted to Dr Smitha Hegde to conduct the study.

Funding

The authors received the financial support granted by Nitte Deemed to be University in the form of PhD fellowship to Ms. Sharanya Kushalan (N18PHDBS110); Mr Aloysius Khyahrii S, (N18PHDBS106) and Nitte University Research fund (NUF20A-005) granted to Dr Smitha Hegde to conduct the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India

    Sharanya Kushalan, Aloysius Khyahrii S & Smitha Hegde

  2. Division of Food Safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed To Be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India

    Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha

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  1. Sharanya Kushalan
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  2. Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha
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  3. Aloysius Khyahrii S
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Contributions

We hereby declare that all the authors have actively contributed to drawing up this manuscript. Ms Sharanya Kushalan (SK) prepared the original manuscript, table, and figures; Mr Yathisha U.G (YUG) assisted with DPPH assay using RP-HPLC, Mr Aloysius Khyahrii S (AKS) helped with in vitro propagation, and Dr Smitha Hegde (SH) conceptualized, reviewed, and rewrote the manuscript, tables, and figures.

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Correspondence to Smitha Hegde.

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Kushalan, S., Yathisha, U.G., Khyahrii S, A. et al. Phytochemical and anti-oxidant evaluation of in vitro and in vivo propagated plants of Curculigo orchioides. In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 58, 382–391 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-021-10246-5

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